Early Man Projectile Points in the SouthwestHonea, Kenneth
History
Early Man Projectile Points in the Southwest
Honea, Kenneth
Arrowheads; Indians of North America -- Implements; Indians of North America -- Southwest, New
Milnesand points at the type site were found with the remains of bison,
possibly an extinct form. They occur widely in eastern New Mexico and
western Texas. Others have been found in Nebraska, Iowa, Alberta,
Saskatchewan, and Alaska. Similarities of Milnesand to Plainview points
have been noted by archaeologists, who have suggested the two may be
related and probably were partly contemporaneous. They may be
distinguished from one another by the following attributes: The base on
most Milnesand points is straight, while it is predominantly concave on
Plainviews; thinning of Plainview bases was accomplished primarily by
the removing of a few, fairly large vertical flakes, while Milnesand
bases were thinned primarily by the removal of horizontal flakes, and
only secondarily by the removal of small flakes. Finally, the smoothing
of lower lateral edges on Milnesand points generally extends up further
than on Plainview points, sometimes to a point beyond the mid-section.
MESERVE POINTS
Meserve points were first described from the Meserve Site near Grand
Island, Nebraska. They are found in most parts of the Southwest.
[Illustration: _Meserve_]
Meserve points are basically lanceolate-shaped. Upper lateral edges,
which in the case of these points comprise almost three-quarters of the
total point length, are typically straight. They are quite distinctive
in being rather steeply alternately bevelled and they may be serrated.
Bevelling is always on the right edge when viewed with the point tip
forward; cross-section of the upper lateral edges at mid-section is
rhomboidal. The unusually short lower lateral edges are straight or
slightly concave. Meserve points are broadest either at the distal end
of these edges, or at the base. The base is shallowly or markedly
concave. Basal thinning is accomplished mainly by the removal of either
one large flake or several narrower flakes parallel to the point
long-axis, in a fashion reminiscent of the thinning of Plainview point
bases. Less often, these scars are small and numerous. Thinning in some
cases was by the removal of flakes at right angles to the point
long-axis during initial retouch of the point faces. Average dimensions
are: length 3.0 to 9.0 cm., width (base) 2.0 to 2.7 cm. Workmanship is
generally good. Initial shaping as well as bevelling were likely by
direct percussion. Initial flake scars are usually irregular. Basal
thinning in some cases was probably by indirect percussion. Lateral
edges may be secondarily pressure retouched. Smoothing is observed on
both the lower non-bevelled lateral edges and in the concave base.
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