[18] Labbe, Sacrosancta Concilia (1671), vol. ii, col. 1203. [19] 'Nec diaconus aut subdiaconus certe vel lector antequam missa consummetur alba se præsumat exuere.'—Concil. Narb., i, Labbe, vol. v, col. 1030 (misprinted 1020). [20] It was also possible and usual to gird up the _tunica talaris_ for this purpose. [21] Derived from the adjective =kolobos=, _docked_, _curtailed_, in reference to the shortened sleeves of the garment. [22] Lampridius in Commodo, cap. viii; in Elagab., cap. xxvi. [23] Acta S Cyp., _prop. fin._ (Migne, Patrologia, vol. iii, col. 1504). [24] 'Ut diaconi Dalmatica uterentur in ecclesia et pallio linostimo laeva eorum tegeretur.'—Anastasius Bibliothecarius de Vit. Pontif., § 35 (S Sylv.); Migne, Patrol., vol. cxxvii, 1514. [25] 'Usus autem Dalmaticarum a B. Sylvestro Papa institutus est: nam antea colobiis utebantur.'—Pseudo-Alcuin de Div. Off., cap. xxxix; Migne, vol. ci, 1243. [26] This does not apply to the city of Rome. See p. 54. [27] Etymologiae, lib. xix, cap. xxii (Migne, lxxxii 635). [28] 'Sciendum ... illum ... primum donasse oraria populo Romano quibus uteretur populus ad favorem.'—Flav. Vop. in Aur., 48. [29] 'Orariis duobus nec episcopo quidem licet nec presbytero uti; quanto magis diacono qui minister eorum est. Unum igitur orarium oportet Levitam gestare in sinistro humero propter quod orat, id est, praedicat; dextram autem partem oportet habere liberam ut expeditus ad ministerium sacerdotale discurrat. Caveat igitur amodo gemino uti orario sed uno tantum et puro nec ullis coloribus aut auro ornato.'—Acta Concil. Tolet. IV, cap. xl. This rule does not seem to have been always obeyed. In the Pontifical of Landulfus (ninth century) there is a representation of an ecclesiastic wearing two _oraria_, one over each shoulder. This, however, must be regarded as exceptional. [30] 'Item placuit ut quia in aliquantis huius provinciae ecclesiis diacones (_sic_) absconsis infra tunicam utuntur orariis ita ut nihil differre a subdiacono videantur de cetero superposito scapulae (sicut decet) utantur orario.'—Acta Concil. Bracar. II, cap. ix: Labbe, vol. v, col. 841. The eleventh canon ordained 'ut lectores in ecclesia in habitu saeculari ornati non psallant.'