Ecology of the Opossum on a Natural Area in Northeastern KansasFitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Science
Ecology of the Opossum on a Natural Area in Northeastern Kansas
Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Opossums
The opossums having home ranges entirely within the study area were
those most likely to be caught repeatedly and at different locations,
while those with ranges centering near the edge of the area, or
outside of it tended to be caught at fewer locations and less
frequently. For those animals with ranges partly outside the study
area, the captures recorded would represent only one sector of the
home range and would tend to be near together, so that many of the
radii computed for individual home ranges are too small. Each average
figure for home range is perhaps erroneously low for this reason. The
error tends to be greatest for those taken at only two locations, and
least for those trapped at the greatest number of different locations.
Approximate size of the usual home range is apparent from the several
figures although various unknown or unmeasurable factors distort the
data. The usual home range of the opossum in the area of the study is
in the neighborhood of 50 acres or a little less. With the data
available no significant differences in sizes of home ranges are
discernible between males and females nor between adults and young of
the year. Shifts occur frequently, contributing to population
turnover, which may result in almost complete replacement of
individuals in the course of a year's time, on an area of less than a
square mile.
DISPERSAL OF YOUNG
One hundred and fifteen small young of 14 different litters were
marked while still attached to the mother's teats in the pouches.
A fairly high rate of mortality probably is normal in the small
dependent young and further mortality probably resulted from the
deleterious effects of examining and handling them and the females
that carried them. At any rate, 47 of 208 young recorded, were missing
at subsequent recaptures of the females, before the young were old
enough to become independent. It is almost certain that the actual
losses were much higher, because the records for each female cover
only part of the period during which young are carried in the pouch.
Fifteen of these marked young of seven different litters were
recaptured after periods of months, when they were well grown or adult
and the locations of these recaptures afford information concerning
the animals' dispersal. Their records are summarized below. Opossums
that wandered much more than half a mile or at most three-fourths
of a mile from the place of original capture were unlikely to be
recaptured, and some originally recorded at sites near the edge of the
study area might have moved beyond its boundary with much shorter
shifts.
Date of capture and Date of Distance
Sex marking as pouch young recapture in feet
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