§ 1. _Problem of reason and desire_:--Nature of a reasonable act, 306; theories about moral knowledge, 307. § 2. _Kant's theory of practical reason_:--Traits of morality, 309; reason as _a priori_ and formal, 310; true meaning of generalization, 313; the general and the social, 314. § 3. _Moral sense intuitionalism_:--Function of reason, 317; habit and sense, 319; invalid intuitions, 321; deliberation and intuition, 322; the good man's judgment, 324. § 4. _The place of general rules_:--Their value, 325; casuistry, 326; and its dangers, 327; secondary ends of utilitarianism, 329; empirical rules and customs, 330; distinction of rules and principles, 333; sympathy and reasonableness, 334. XVII. THE PLACE OF DUTY IN THE MORAL LIFE: SUBJECTION TO AUTHORITY 337 Conflict of the rational with the attractive end, 337. § 1. _The subjection of desire to law_, 339; cause of conflict of desire and thought, 342; demand for transformation of desire, 343; social character of duties, 345; the social self is the "universal" self, 346. § 2. _Kantian theory_:--Accord with duty versus from duty, 346; the two-fold self of Kant, 347; criticism of Kant, 348; emphasis falls practically on political authority, 351; "Duty for duty's sake," 351. § 3. _The Utilitarian theory of duty_:--The hedonistic problem, 353; Moral sanctions, 354; they are too external, 355; Bain's account, 356; Spencer's account, 358; such views set up a fictitious non-social self, 361. § 3. _Final statement_:--Growth requires disagreeable readjustments, 362. XVIII. THE PLACE OF THE SELF IN THE MORAL LIFE 364 Problems regarding the self, 364. § 1. _The doctrine of self-denial_:--Explanation of its origin, 365; four objections to doctrine, 366. § 2. _Self-assertion_:--Ethical dualism, 369; "naturalistic" ethics, 369; false biological basis, 371; misinterprets nature of efficiency, 373. § 3. _Self-love and benevolence; or egoism and altruism_:--The "crux" of ethical speculation, 375; are all motives selfish? 376; ambiguity of term selfish, 377; are results selfish? 379; self-preservation, 380; rational regard for self, 382; regard for others, 384; the existence of "other-regarding" impulses, 385; altruism may be immoral, 387; social justice necessary to moral altruism, 389. § 4. _The good as self-realization_:--Self-realization an ambiguous idea, 391; true and false consideration of the self, 393; equation of personal and general happiness, 395. XIX. THE VIRTUES 399