The Origin of the American Navy--Sights on Guns and What They Did--Opening Japan--Port Royal--Passing the Forts--The "Monitor" and "Merrimac"--In Mobile Bay--The "Kearsarge" and the "Alabama"--Naval Architecture Revolutionized--The Samoan Hurricane--Building a New Navy--Great Ships of the Spanish American War--The Modern Floating Iron Fortresses--New "Alabama" and "Kearsarge" 482 CHAPTER XXXIV America's Conflict With Spain A War of Humanity--Bombardment of Matanzas--Dewey's Wonderful Victory at Manila--Disaster to the "Winslow" at Cardenas Bay--The First American Loss of Life--Bombardment of San Juan, Porto Rico--The Elusive Spanish Fleet--Bottled-up in Santiago Harbor--Lieutenant Hobson's Daring Exploit--Second Bombardment of Santiago and Arrival of the Army--Gallant Work of the Rough Riders and the Regulars--Battles of San Juan and El Caney--Destruction of Cervera's Fleet--General Shafter Reinforced in Front of Santiago--Surrender of the City--General Miles in Porto Rico--An Easy Conquest--Conquest of the Philippines--Peace Negotiations and Signing of the Protocol--Its Terms--Members of the National Peace Commission--Return of the Troops from Cuba and Porto Rico--The Peace Commission in Paris--Conclusion of its Work--Terms of the Treaty--Ratified by the Senate 496 CHAPTER XXXV The Dominion of Canada The Area and Population of Canada--Canada's Early History--Upper and Lower Canada--The War of 1812--John Strachan and the Family Compact--A Religious Quarrel--French Supremacy in Lower Canada--The Revolt of 1837--Mackenzie's Rebellion--Growth of Population and Industry--Organization of the Dominion of Canada--The Riel Revolts--The Canadian Pacific Railway--The Fishery Difficulties--The Fur-Seal Question--The Gold of the Klondike--A Boundary Question--An International Commission--The Questions at Issue--The Failure of the Commission--Commerce of Canada with the United States--Railway Progress in Canada--Manufacturing Enterprise--Yield of Precious Metals--Extent and Resources of the Dominion--The Character of the Canadian Population 509 CHAPTER XXXVI Livingstone, Stanley, Peary, Nansen and other Great Discoverers and Explorers