Fossil plants, Vol. 2 : $b A text-book for students of botany and geologySeward, A. C. (Albert Charles)
Science
Fossil plants, Vol. 2 : $b A text-book for students of botany and geology
Seward, A. C. (Albert Charles)
Paleobotany
_Selaginella lepidophylla_, a tropical American type, popularly known
as the Resurrection plant, and often erroneously spoken of as the Rose
of Jericho[87], possesses the power of rolling up its shoots during
periods of drought and furnishes an example of a species adapted to
conditions in marked contrast to those which are most favourable to the
majority of species.
The only British species is _Selaginella spinosa_ named by Linnaeus
_Lycopodium selaginoides_ and occasionally referred to as _Selaginella
spinulosa_ A. Br. (not to be confounded with a Javan species _S.
spinulosa_ Spring[88]).
• • • • •
=Isoetaceae.= _Isoetes_ (fig. 132), of which Mr Baker in his _Handbook
of the Fern-Allies_ enumerates 49 species, is a type apart, differing
in habit as in certain other characters from the other members of the
Lycopodiales. Some botanists[89] prefer to include the genus among the
Filicales, but the balance of evidence, including resemblances between
_Isoetes_ and extinct Lycopodiaceous plants, would seem to favour its
retention as an aberrant genus of the group Lycopodiales. Some species
are permanently submerged, others occur in situations intermittently
covered with water, and a few grow in damp soil. _Isoetes lacustris_
is found in mountain tarns and lakes of Britain and elsewhere in
Central and Northern Europe and North America. _Isoetes hystrix_[90], a
land-form occurs in Guernsey, North-East France, Spain and Asia Minor.
Lycopodiaceae.
The monotypic genus _Phylloglossum_, represented by _P. Drummondii_ of
Australia and New Zealand, though interesting from the point of view of
its probable claim to be considered the most primitive type of existing
Lycopodiaceous plants, need not be dealt with in detail. A complete
individual, which does not exceed 4 or 5 cm. in length, consists of a
very small tubercle or protocorm bearing a rosette of slender subulate
leaves and prolonged distally as a simple naked axis which overtops the
foliage leaves and terminates in a compact cluster of small scale-like
sporophylls, each subtending a single sporangium[91].
_Lycopodium._ It would be out of place in a volume devoted mainly
to fossil plants to attempt a comprehensive account of the general
morphology of recent species, and indeed our knowledge of the
anatomical characters of the genus is still somewhat meagre. For
purposes of comparison with extinct types, it is essential that some of
the more important morphological features of existing species should
be briefly considered. The additions made to our knowledge of the
gameophyte[92] of European and tropical species during the last two
decades have revealed a striking diversity in habit.
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