passing, we may specially note _camus_, from the root _cam_, Greek κάμπτω, to bend: hence MORECAMBE BAY, near Lancaster, signifies the great bend; _corran_, a scythe, evidently allied to the Latin _curvus_, and used in the Highlands to denote any crescent-shaped shore, as at Corranferry, Ardgour, in Lochfinne; _wick_, a familiar Scandinavian word signifying a bay, and which, with the Gaelic article prefixed, seems to have blundered itself into NIGG at Aberdeen, and near Fearn in Ross-shire; _caolas_, a strait, combining etymologically the very distant and very different localities of CALAIS and BALLACHULISH; _stron_ or _sron_, a nose, which lends its name to a parish near the end of Loch Sunart, in Morvern, and thence to a famous mineral found in its vicinity; lastly, _salen_ is nothing but salt, and appears in the south of Ireland and the north-west of Scotland, under the slightly varied forms of KINSALE and KINTAIL, both of which words signify the head of the salt water; for Irish and Gaelic are only one language with a slightly different spelling here and there, and a sprinkling of peculiar words now and then. The only other features of natural scenery that play a noticeable part in topographical etymology are the rivers, lakes, wells, and waterfalls; and they need not detain us long. The Gaelic _uisge_, water, of which the Latin _aqua_ is an abraded form, appears in the names of Scottish rivers as _Esk_, and of Welsh rivers as _Usc_. The familiar English Avon is the Gaelic _amhainn_, evidently softened down by aspiration from the Latin _amnis_. This _avon_ often appears at the end of river names curtailed, as in GARONNE, the rough river, from the Gaelic root _garbh_, rough. The DON, so common as a river name from the Black Sea to Aberdeen, means either the deep river or the brown river. A small river, _brook_ in English, gives name to not a few places and persons. In the Scottish Highlands, and in those parts of the Lowlands originally inhabited by the Celtic race, the word _alt_ performs the same functions. _Loch_, in Gaelic, answering to the English _mere_ (Latin _mare_), appears most commonly in the Highlands, as KINLOCH, _i.e._ the town or house at the head of the lake; and _tobar_, a well, frequently, as in HOLYWELL, connected with a certain religious sanctity, appears in TOBERMORY, _i.e._ the well of the Virgin Mary, one of the most beautiful quiet bits of bay scenery in Great Britain. Of places named from waterfalls (_eas_, from _esk_), a significant element in Highland scenery, INVERNESS, and MONESS near Aberfeldy, are the most notable, the one signifying “the town at the bottom of the river, which flows from the lake where there is the great waterfall,” _i.e._ FOYERS; and the other, “the waterfall of the moorish uplands,” which every one understands who walks up to it.