German literature -- 18th century -- Translations into English
The heroic hexameter is best known to the English-reading public from
Longfellow’s _Evangeline_. It has not been a favorite with them
mainly because of the awkwardness with which it has been handled and
the boldness with which short syllables are frequently used to serve
as long syllables. We may say that at present the German language
has proved itself most apt in reproducing this classical measure, in
which, however, the long syllable (_arsis_) is to be replaced by
a decidedly accented syllable, while the place of a short syllable
(_thesis_) is taken by an unaccented syllable. This makes it
possible that the same word may, according to position, in one place
serve as a short, in another as a long, syllable, while the prosody of
the classical languages is more severe. There a syllable is either long
or short, and a short syllable can only become long through subsequent
consonants, which is called “length through position.”
We have to recognize the fact that Teutonic languages are qualitative
while the classic languages are quantitative. This means that in the
former the accent of the word is predominant and wrong accents render
a word positively unintelligible, while in the latter the word-accent
is of less account. It is of little consequence in English whether we
pronounce “ĕgg” or “aigg,” but it makes a decided difference whether
we say “in′fidel” or “infi′del.” In modern French however, we may
pronounce with propriety either “_la mai′son_” or “_la maison′_”. And
this character of the Teutonic languages which renders quality of
accent so prominent in speech is the reason why they tend to brevity,
for they contract words more and more until, as is the case in English,
most of their forms are reduced to monosyllables. Thus the Gothic word
_habededian_ is contracted in Middle German into _habete_, (viz.,
_haben_--_tat_ = “I did have”), in modern German into _hatte_, and in
English into “had.” The Teutonic languages neglect the unimportant and
unaccented portions of the word, and wherever they can be disposed of
drop them entirely or fuse them into the main syllable.
Another reason why the hexameter is not liked in English is on account
of the length of the verse. If the reader has first to search for the
caesura, for the place where he can take breath, he feels discouraged
at the long line that stretches before him like a road through the
desert, and for this reason we deem it an improvement to print dactylic
verses so as to begin a new line with the caesura. It renders the
reading of the line easier in the measure, as the break in the verse is
thus most easily taken in by the eye.
* * * * *
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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