Hindu Law and Judicature from the Dharma-Sástra of YájnavalkyaYajñavalkya
Religion
Hindu Law and Judicature from the Dharma-Sástra of Yájnavalkya
Yajñavalkya
Hindu law
200. The latter,[297] [in consideration of] having [royal] protection,
shall pay the portion stipulated to the monarch, shall make over all
stakes won to the winner, shall be true of speech, and forbearing.
201. The monarch shall enforce payment of winnings; [that is,] such as
are made in a place kept by a licensed gaming-house-master paying the
royal dues, among known players, meeting openly; in other cases, not.
202. They who manage suits [arising out of the games], also the
witnesses, are to be such persons as those last described.
If any one play with false dice or cheat, the monarch shall have him
branded and banished.
203. An overseer of the games should be appointed, who may thus become
familiar with [the persons of reputed] thieves.[298]
The like rules apply to wagers at fighting games, whether of men or
brutes.[299]
204. If any give abusive words to one deprived of a limb or an organ
of sense, or diseased, whether the words be true or untrue, or [in the
guise of] ironical praise,--he shall be fined thirteen _paṇas_ and
a half.[300]
205. The monarch shall compel one who uses such insulting language as,
"I will go to thy sister" or "to thy mother,"[301] to pay a fine of
twenty-five _paṇas._
206. Half [of this fine is to be imposed when the offensive words are]
to inferiors, double if to the wives of other men or to superiors. The
fine shall be regulated according to the higher or lower cast of the
parties.[302]
207. [Thus;] if the offence occurs, [where the parties are] in the
ascending line of cast, the fine shall be double or treble [as may
be]; if in the descending line, the fine shall be always lessened one
half.[303]
208. If injury be threatened to a person's arm, or neck or eyes or
thigh, the fine shall be one hundred _paṇas_; if to the foot or
nose or ear or hand, and the like,[304] half of that [fine].
209. If the threat be by one who has not the power [to carry out his
threat], he shall be fined ten _paṇas_; [the threatener] who has
the power shall be, in addition, compelled to give surety for the
safety of the person [threatened].
210. For abuse by imputation of a crime which would entail loss of
cast, the middle fine [shall be exacted]; if of a lesser crime, the
lowest fine.
211. If the abuse be directed against one conversant with the three
Vedas, against the monarch, or against the gods, the highest fine [is
incurred]; if against a whole cast or a community, the middle fine; if
against a village or the realm, the lowest fine.
212. If a person be beaten without witnesses, the case shall be tried
by marks, probabilities and public report; not however without some
suspicion that the marks may have been falsely contrived.
213. For [defiling by] touching with ashes, mud, or dust, a fine is fixed
of ten _paṇas_; for [defiling by] touching with impurities,[305] _scil._
of the heel or of the saliva, double [that fine]:
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