Hints on the History and Management of the Honey Bee: Being the Substance of Two Lectures Read Before the Members of the Hereford Literary, Philosophical, and Antiquarian Institution, in the Winter of 1850-51Bevan, Edward
Science
Hints on the History and Management of the Honey Bee: Being the Substance of Two Lectures Read Before the Members of the Hereford Literary, Philosophical, and Antiquarian Institution, in the Winter of 1850-51
Bevan, Edward
Bee culture; Bees
I shall now advert to a few of the most interesting parts in the
anatomy of the bee. In common with other insects, it has been divided
into the head, the trunk, and the abdomen, or hinder part. The head is
furnished with two eyes, two antennæ, or horns, as they are sometimes
called, two feelers, and a proboscis, this latter comprising an
intricate apparatus of which I shall speak presently. To the trunk are
attached a double pair of gauze-like wings and six legs, the thighs
of the hinder pair being each furnished with a small cavity fringed
with hair, which serves as a basket for the conveyance of food for the
young, &c. The hinder part contains the bowels, the honey-bag, the
venom-bag, &c., and at its extremity a concealed sting, to which, as
also to the proboscis, I have now to bespeak your attention, on account
of their peculiar structure and uses. The proboscis has attached to it
a very long tongue; it is also provided with several joints; by both
these contrivances it is rendered capable of every variety of motion,
and of probing to the very bottom of most flowers when searching
for honey. And here we may pause to contemplate the very admirable
contrivance by which this long implement, the tongue, which would
otherwise have proved highly incommodious, is preserved from injury.
The joints of which I have spoken enable it to fold itself up when at
rest, and the desired protection is still further accomplished by means
of a double sheath, in which the tongue, when unemployed, is always
enclosed. There is much to excite our admiration in the manner in which
the bees collect whatever they are in need of. Their first occupation
in the earliest days of spring, as soon as breeding commences, is to
collect the fertilising dust of flowers, known by the name of pollen
or farina, and, as soon as they afford it, to procure honey from
them; the latter chiefly for themselves, the former chiefly for their
nurslings. I have often seen them, after rolling upon the anther-dust
of the flowers, which their fine hairs enable them to retain upon
their bodies, return home thus enveloped, having the appearance of
a different kind of bee. This coating of pollen they brash off with
their downy legs, or their companions do it for them, and apply it to
the general purposes of the hive. Their ordinary mode of proceeding is
to collect it into little heaps or pellets, and to transport it upon
their thighs to their companions in the hive. That which is not wanted
for present use is kneaded down with a little honey and stored in the
cells, in which state it is called bee-bread.
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