A list of new words like _anaesthetic_, _galvanometer_, _morse_, _railroad_, _telephone_, _turbine_, ... which appeared in the nineteenth century, would tell a full and fairly accurate story of its extraordinarily sudden mechanical and scientific development, but such a list has yet to be compiled. More interesting in many ways are the appearance of new metaphors and idioms, such as to _peter out_, to _pan out_ (from mining), to _blow off_ or _get up steam_, and to _go off the rails_ from the steam engine, and many electrical metaphors such as those mentioned in Chapter I. For new ways of doing are bound up with new ways of knowing and thinking, and the true story of the nineteenth century, as of every other century, is the story of its mental and emotional outlook. To this long and intricate story the rest of this book is devoted, but before passing on to it a few aspects of our subject, with which there is not space to deal fully, may perhaps be mentioned. The light thrown by certain words on the social history of England, as opposed to her political history, is a clear and often a new one. To look up in the _Oxford Dictionary_ such words as _blackguard_, _carol_, _club_, _morris_, _teetotal_, or a thousand others which seem to have no particular historical significance, and to read through the many illustrative quotations, is to take a wonderfully easy and intimate peep into the past; while the dates at which such words as _magazine_, _news-letter_, _newspaper_, _novelist_, _press_, or again, _callers_, _small talk_, _tea-party_, _snob_, _antimacassar_, ... appeared, together with quotations showing the particular shades of meaning with which they have been used, are in themselves a little history of the English people. What could be more suggestive, for instance, than the fact that the adjective _improper_ was first applied to human beings in the early fifties? Words which are derived from the names of real individuals, as _bowdlerize_, _boycott_, _burke_, _derrick_, _dunce_,[20] _galvanize_, _mesmerism_, _morse_, _sandwich_, _tawdry_, or fictitious ones, as _gamp_, _knickerbocker_, _lilliputian_, _quixotic_, _pamphlet_, _pickwickian_, are sometimes, but not always historically interesting. Again, the place-names of England, whether of country villages or London streets, are heavily loaded with the past, but the subject is such a vast and disconnected one that it would require a volume to itself.