=13. Convention of Falaise.=--In the end of the year William regained his freedom by signing a treaty called the "_Convention of Falaise_," the hard terms of which were most humiliating, both to him and to Scotland. He was in future to hold his kingdom on the same terms of vassalage as those by which he now held Lothian, and as a token of further dependence his barons and clergy were also to do homage to the English King, who was to be put in possession of the principal strongholds. His brother _David, Earl of Huntingdon_, and twenty-one other barons were to remain as hostages till the strongholds were given up, and on their release each was to leave his son or next heir as a warrant of good faith. The homage was performed in the following year, when William met Henry at _York_; and the King of Scots, with his earls, barons, free-tenants, and clergy, became the liegemen of the _King of England_ in St. Peter's Minster. The clergy swore to lay the kingdom under an interdict, and the laity to hold by their English over-lord, should William prove unfaithful to him. This treaty remained in force till the death of _Henry_ in 1189, when _Richard_ of England, who was in want of money for his crusade, released William, for the sum of 10,000 marks, from these extorted obligations and restored the strongholds, though he refused to give up to him the coveted earldom. =14. Homage at Lincoln.=--When _John_ succeeded his brother on the throne of England, William did such homage to him as the King of Scots had been wont to render to the King of England before the treaty of Falaise. He met John at _Lincoln_, whither he was escorted by a brilliant retinue of English barons. But there was no kindly feeling between the two Kings. John tried to build a castle at _Tweedmouth_ in order to spoil the trade of _Berwick_, the largest trading city in Scotland, but the Scots drove away the builders and levelled the castle, and for some time both Kings kept threatening armies on the Border. =15. Independence of the Church.=--At a great Council held at _Northampton_ in 1176, the _Archbishop of York_ claimed Scotland as a part of his province, and called on the Scottish clergy to acknowledge their dependence. They protested and appealed to the Pope, who forbade the Archbishop to press his claim. _Clement III._ in 1188 confirmed their claim of independence, on the ground that the Church of Scotland was in immediate dependence on the _Holy See_.