X. The Sovereignty of the Seas--The Fight for the Flag 102 XI. The Sovereignty of the Seas--The Fight for the Trade 111 XII. The Union Jack of Queen Anne, 1707 118 XIII. The Two-Crossed Jack in Canada 132 XIV. The Irish Jack 140 XV. The Jacks in the Thirteen Colonies of North America 153 XVI. The Union Flags of the United States 170 XVII. The Jack and Parliamentary Union in Britain 182 XVIII. The Jack and Parliamentary Union in Canada 189 XIX. The Union Jack of George III., 1801 199 XX. The Lessons of the Crosses 215 XXI. The Proportions of the Crosses 222 XXII. Under the Three Crosses in Canada 235 XXIII. The Flag of Freedom 243 XXIV. The Flag of Liberty 253 XXV. The Union Jack as a Single Flag 264 XXVI. The Jacks in Red, White and Blue Ensigns 272 XXVII. The Union Ensigns of the British Empire 280 Appendix A. The Maple Leaf Emblem 295 Appendix B. Letters from the Private Secretary of His Majesty King Edward VII. 298 Appendix C. Canadian War Medals 299 Appendix D. A Record of the "Diamond Anthem" 300 Index 313 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. NO. PAGE 1. Assyrian Emblems 15 2. Eagle Emblems 16 3. Tortoise Totem 18 4. Wolf Totem 18 5. The Hawaiian Ensign 30 6. A Red Cross Knight 35 7. Colours of 10th Royal Grenadiers, Canada 39 8. St. George's Jack 41 9. The Borough Seal of Lyme Regis, 1284 46 10. Brass in Elsing Church, 1347 49 11. The _Henri Grace à Dieu_, 1515 60 12. St. Andrew's Jack 64 13. Scotch "Talle Shippe," 16th Century 67