How to Visit the English CathedralsSingleton, Esther
History
How to Visit the English Cathedrals
Singleton, Esther
Cathedrals -- England
In the north aisle, in a coloured and gilt altar-tomb, lies Archbishop
Chichele (died 1443), according to Shakespeare, the instigator of the
war with France (see _Henry V._, Act I., Sc. I.). Here also lies Orlando
Gibbons, Charles I.’s organist.
Of the six splendid =windows= in the north aisle of the Choir described by
the old authorities, only two remain.
“They should not be overlooked by the visitor, as they are full of
curious symbolism. The birth of Christ and His early life are
depicted in the central panels and the types from the Old Testament
with them. Observe the Magi all asleep in one bed; Shem, Ham and
Japhet, dividing the earth, which one of them holds in his hands,
like a gorgeously painted map; and in the sixth panel of the first
window a very curious scene, in which we see depicted a bronze idol
or statue, similar, no doubt, to some the artist had seen as of
Roman work. Whoever he was who designed the work, he knew what was
classical art. The exaggerated muscular development which came in
again under Michael Angelo and his contemporaries in Italy, is seen
here quite plainly.”--(W. J. L.)
The same fire that destroyed the Choir also damaged the Transepts. The
windows and arcades in them are more completely reconstructed than those
in the side aisles. One feature here is the double range of triforia, or
open galleries. The lower triforium belongs to Ernulf’s time: the
windows in the upper one were his clerestory.
The pilgrims were usually conducted into the =North Transept=, or =Transept
of the Martyrdom= through the dark passage under the choir steps. In the
west wall here, a door opened into the cloister, through which Becket
passed to his tragic death.
Directly opposite, on the other side of the Choir, the =Warriors’ Chapel=
is situated.
The apse, approached by a broad flight of steps, is entirely occupied by
the =Chapel of the Holy Trinity=, which contained the =Martyr’s Shrine=. The
work here shows the influence of the French. From the =Transept of the
Martyrdom= the pilgrims were conducted through the North Aisle of the
Choir on their way to the great Shrine; and, at the end of the aisle,
close to the steps ascending to the =Retro-Choir=, we find the door of =St.
Andrew’s Tower=. This is part of Lanfranc’s building and now used as a
vestry; but it was once the sacristy, where the rich offerings and
precious relics connected with Becket were exhibited to privileged
pilgrims.
The =Retro-Choir= is reached by steep flights of steps necessitated by the
height of the Crypt below. Up these steps the pilgrims climbed on their
knees, chanting the hymn to St. Thomas:
“Tu per Thomæ sanguinem
Quem pro te impendit,
Fac nos Christo scandere
Quo Thomas ascendit.”
All this part of the Cathedral is the work of English William, which is
lighter, in general character, than that of William of Sens.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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