These two results--proficiency and easy performance--are of greatest value, but repetition of action, like nearly all good things, is not without its drawbacks. An overdose of one kind of work with a limited range of action frequently leads to dulling the senses. This stultifying effect produces a most undesirable result. The harm begins when there is a loss of interest in the work, for it is through the interest that the progress is made. The dividing line between the good and bad results varies with different types of men. The simplest tasks may become of intense interest to the scientist and he may achieve great success in a work that to others seems monotonous drudgery. But with all its drawbacks it still is the best way for man to work and while we must labor to eliminate the condition of drudgery, we must face the plain fact that competition between men, industries, states and nations makes it absolutely necessary to specialize. Specialization by the men and groups of men will determine the question of superiority of advance in science, industry, commerce, general wealth and welfare, as well as military strength in the time of war. While we have clearly before us the degrading effects of repetition of distasteful tasks; we must not ignore the other extreme. The opposite condition is the employment of energies of mind and body in ways that cannot produce high degree of ability. With such desultory use of energies, a day's work is of relatively small value, and there is no progress. Of the two extremes we find the most prevalent to be the scatter-brain and scatter ability type. The industries of the higher type lead in providing the best implements and in organization of best team work by which each worker produces the greatest value for a given expenditure of energy. The essential bearing Of these facts is that the worker as well as the business man should compare his work with the work of others with whom he is in competition. In these days of long distance transportation our competitors in the market may be a long distance away. If it is in agriculture, the question of climate, soil and degree to which highly efficient implements can be used, are important factors. If it is in the professions we must see how we can acquire the greatest proficiency and opportunity. This again involves the question of the extent to which we must specialize. The measure then of success is the value of our services as compared with the services of others. One of the important problems in industrial management is the extent to which specialization should be practiced.