James Clerk Maxwell and Modern Physics — John Shaqi
James Clerk Maxwell and Modern PhysicsGlazebrook, Richard
History
James Clerk Maxwell and Modern Physics
Glazebrook, Richard
Maxwell, James Clerk, 1831-1879; Physics -- History
The fear alluded to by the Professor in his introductory lecture,
that men reading for the Mathematical Tripos would not find
time for attendance at the laboratory, was justified. One of the
weaknesses of our Cambridge plan has been the divorce between
Mathematics and experimental work, encouraged by our system of
examinations. Experimental knowledge is supposed not to be needed for
the Mathematical Tripos; the Mathematics permitted in the Natural
Sciences Tripos are very simple; thus it came about that few men while
reading for the Mathematical Tripos attended the laboratory, and this
unfortunate result was intensified by the action of the University in
1877–78, when the regulations for the Mathematical Tripos were again
altered.[41]
Still there were pupils eager and willing to work, though they were
chiefly men who had already taken their B.A. degree, and who wished
to continue Physical reading and research, even though it involved “a
considerable amount of dull labour not altogether attractive.” My own
work there began in 1876, and it may be interesting if I recall my
reminiscences of that time.
The first experiments I can recollect related to the measurement
of electrical resistance. I well remember Maxwell explaining the
principle of Wheatstone’s bridge, and my own wish at the time that I
had come to the laboratory before the Tripos, instead of afterwards.
Lord Rayleigh had, during the examination, set an easy question which
I failed to do for want of some slight experimental knowledge, and the
first few words of Maxwell’s talk showed me the solution.
I did not attend his lectures regularly--they were given, I think, at
an hour which I was obliged to devote to teaching; besides, there was
his book, the “Electricity and Magnetism,” into which I had just dipped
before the Tripos, to work at.
Chrystal and Saunder were then busy at their verification of Ohm’s law.
They were using a number of the Thomson form of tray Daniell’s cells,
and Maxwell was anxious for tests of various kinds to be made on these
cells; these I undertook, and spent some time over various simple
measurements on them. He then set me to work at some of the properties
of a stratified dielectric, consisting, if I remember rightly, of
sheets of paraffin paper and mica. By this means I became acquainted
with various pieces of apparatus. There were no regular classes and no
set drill of demonstrations arranged for examination purposes; these
came later. In Maxwell’s time those who wished to work had the use of
the laboratory and assistance and help from him, but they were left
pretty much to themselves to find out about the apparatus and the best
methods of using it.
Rather later than this Schuster came and did some of his spectroscope
work. J. E. H. Gordon was busy with the preliminary observations
for his determination of Verdet’s constant, and Niven had various
electrical experiments on hand; while Fleming was at work on the B. A.
resistance coils.
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