Passive congestion of the liver as a cause of jaundice--Cases associated with heart disease, pneumonia, &c.--Explanation of the reason why jaundice is so frequently absent in such cases 29 Mechanism of jaundice arising from suppression consequent upon absence of the secreting substance--Cancer, tubercle, &c.--Effects of the position of the morbid deposit in modifying the result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Jaundice arising from acute, or yellow atrophy of the liver--State of the urine in such cases--Presence of bile-acids--Pettenkofer's test--Tyrosine and leucine in the urine--An example of the affection occurring in a young woman--Exciting cause--State of the liver tissue--Poisonous effects of glycocholate of soda injected into the circulation 34 Mechanism of jaundice arising from the re-absorption of the secreted but retained bile--Jaundice arising from a congenital deficiency of the ducts--History of a case . . . . 39 Pathology of jaundice resulting from the accidental obstruction of the bile-ducts--Mode of formation of gall-stones--Jaundice only present when the stone is lodged in common duct--How gall-stones may imperil life without inducing jaundice--Modes of escape from the gall-bladder--Presence of foreign bodies, such as cherry-stones in gall-duct--Jaundice arising from hydatids impacted in the common duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Mechanism of permanent jaundice from obstruction--Resulting from organic disease--Cancer of head of pancreas--Effect of the dilatation of the bile-ducts in the liver--Effect on the nutrition of the parenchyma of liver--Different stages in size through which the liver passes--Difficulties of diagnosis--Cause often obscure--Key to its detection . . . . . 46 Analysis of the intestinal secretion an aid to the diagnosis of obscure cases of abdominal disease--Colour, nature, and chemical composition of the stools--Changes produced in them by different foods, and remedies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Examination of the renal secretion--Diagnostic value of the colour of the urine--Colour produced by urohæmatin to be distinguished from that produced by biliverdine--Simple method of separating the pigment from the urine--Advantage of at the same time ascertaining the quantity of uric acid present--Effect of the bile pigment becoming deposited in the kidneys--Production of secondary disease . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Diagnostic value of the presence of the bile-acids in the urine--Views of Frerichs, Städler, and Kühne--Hoppe's method of detecting the bile-acids--Frerichs's theory of the transformation of bile-acids into biliverdine shown to be untenable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58