Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Vol. 09, No. 1, March 1917Various
Science
Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Vol. 09, No. 1, March 1917
Various
Entomology -- California -- Periodicals; Entomology -- Periodicals; Zoology -- California -- Periodicals; Zoology -- Periodicals
Many individuals were found in copulo on April 12, 1913, and on April
14, 1915. Eggs were laid in great numbers April 15, 1913, but not until
the first of May in 1915, due to a long stretch of cold wet weather. By
May 18 many eggs were to be found but usually no larvae. The eggs are
laid in masses (Pl. I, Fig. 3) of from two to fifteen in a cluster with
an average of between seven and nine. They are deposited usually on
the lower surface of the leaf. No eggs are deposited until the foliage
is well along usually, as this is the food of the larvae. The writer
observed a female during oviposition. She thrusts out the egg and by a
mucilagenous substance causes the egg to adhere fast to the leaf. She
decorates the egg, as it were, with a fluid which later turns black and
appears as a streak across the ova. The adults do not live long after
egg deposition, usually about a week and a half. A number of females
were observed to lay from forty to fifty eggs each.
The length of the egg stage was found to vary considerably even in the
insectary, due no doubt largely to the weather conditions. In indoor
observations it ranged from seven to fifteen days, with an average of
twelve. In the open, eggs under screen cloth were deposited on May 24,
1913, and hatched June 10, 1913, a duration of seventeen days. By June,
1913, practically all of the egg masses had hatched and scarcely an
adult could be found anywhere. The larvae are at first yellow, changing
over to a black after a short period of time (Pl. I, Fig. 7). The eggs
split at the side when the young emerge and the larvae remain quiet for
some time apparently feeding first on the remaining egg juices. After a
while they begin to move about for convenient feeding spots. The larvae
moult three times, and after each moulting appear yellow, soon changing
to a black. Several of the grubs usually work on the same leaf,
continuing to eat small irregular holes, through, or nearly through,
the leaf until it appears skeletonized (Pl. I, Fig. 7), when they seek
new pastures.
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