LECTURE VII.--THE BEAUTIFUL IN OBJECTS 140 Refutation of different theories on the nature of the beautiful: the beautiful cannot be reduced to what is useful.--Nor to convenience.--Nor to proportion.--Essential characters of the beautiful.--Different kinds of beauties. The beautiful and the sublime. Physical beauty. Intellectual beauty. Moral beauty.--Ideal beauty: it is especially moral beauty.--God, the first principle of the beautiful.--Theory of Plato. LECTURE VIII.--ON ART 154 Genius:--its attribute is creative power.--Refutation of the opinion that art is the imitation of nature--M. Emeric David, and M. Quatremere de Quincy.--Refutation of the theory of illusion. That dramatic art has not solely for its end to excite the passions of terror and pity.--Nor even directly the moral and religious sentiment.--The proper and direct object of art is to produce the idea and the sentiment of the beautiful; this idea and this sentiment purify and elevate the soul by the affinity between the beautiful and the good, and by the relation of ideal beauty to its principle, which is God.--True mission of art. LECTURE IX.--THE DIFFERENT ARTS 165 Expression is the general law of art.--Division of arts.--Distinction between liberal arts and trades.--Eloquence itself, philosophy, and history do not make a part of the fine arts.--That the arts gain nothing by encroaching upon each other, and usurping each other's means and processes.--Classification of the arts:--its true principle is expression.--Comparison of arts with each other.--Poetry the first of arts. LECTURE X.--FRENCH ART IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 178 Expression not only serves to appreciate the different arts, but the different schools of art. Example:--French art in the seventeenth century. French poetry:--Corneille. Racine. Moliere. La Fontaine. Boileau.--Painting:--Lesueur. Poussin. Le Lorrain. Champagne.--Engraving.--Sculpture:--Sarrazin. The Anguiers. Girardon. Pujet.--Le Notre.--Architecture. PART THIRD.--THE GOOD. LECTURE XI.--PRIMARY NOTIONS OF COMMON SENSE 215