CHAP. XXXVI.--Retrospect of the Partition of Poland--Napoleon receives Addresses from Poland, which he evades--He advances into Poland, Bennigsen Retreating before him--Character of the Russian Soldiery--The Cossacks--Engagement at Pultusk, on 26th November, terminating to the disadvantage of the French--Bennigsen continues his Retreat--The French go into Winter Quarters--Bennigsen appointed Commander-in-chief in the place of Kaminskoy, who shows symptoms of Insanity--He resumes Offensive Operations--Battle of Eylau, 8th February, 1807--Claimed as a Victory by both Parties--The loss on both sides amounts to 50,000 men killed, the greater part Frenchmen--Bennigsen Retreats upon Königsberg--Napoleon offers favourable terms for an Armistice to the King of Prussia, who refuses to Treat, save for a General Peace--Napoleon falls back to the line of the Vistula--Dantzick is besieged, and Surrenders--Russian Army is poorly recruited--the French powerfully--Actions during the Summer--Battle of Heilsberg, and Retreat of the Russians--Battle of Friedland, 14th June--An Armistice takes place on the 23d, 174 CHAP. XXXVII.--British Expedition to Calabria, under Sir John Stuart--Character of the People--Opposed by General Reynier--Battle of Maida, 4th July, 1806--Defeat of the French--Calabria evacuated by the British--Erroneous Commercial Views, and Military Plans, of the British Ministry--Unsuccessful Attack on Buenos Ayres--General Whitelocke--is Cashiered--Expedition against Turkey, and its Dependencies--Admiral Duckworth's Squadron sent against Constantinople--Passes and repasses the Dardanelles, without accomplishing anything--Expedition against Alexandria--Rosetta attacked--British Troops defeated, and withdrawn from Egypt, September, 1807--Curaçoa and Cape of Good Hope taken, by England--British Expedition against Copenhagen--its Citadel, Forts, and Fleet, surrendered to the British--Effects of this proceeding upon France and Russia--Coalition of France, Russia, Austria, and Prussia, against British Commerce, 206 CHAP. XXXVIII.--View of the Internal Government of Napoleon at the period of the Peace of Tilsit--The Tribunate abolished--Council of State--Prefectures--Their nature and object described--The Code Napoleon--Its Provisions--Its Merits and Defects--Comparison betwixt that Code and the Jurisprudence of England--Laudable efforts of Napoleon to carry it into effect, 218 CHAP. XXXIX.--System of Education introduced into France by Napoleon--National University--its nature and objects--Lyceums--Proposed Establishment at Meudon, 249