Louis Pasteur: His Life and LaboursVallery-Radot, René
Science
Louis Pasteur: His Life and Labours
Vallery-Radot, René
Pasteur, Louis, 1822-1895; Scientists -- France -- Biography
By these researches Pasteur was led to a conclusion, which is worthy
of the most serious consideration, regarding the difference which
exists between mineral species and artificial products on the one
side, and the organic products which can be extracted from vegetables
or animals on the other. All mineral or artificial products--for
brevity let us say all the products of inorganic nature--have a
superposable image, and are therefore not dissymmetrical, while
vegetable and animal products--in other words, products formed under
the influence of life--have an image not superposable; that is to say,
they are atomically dissymmetrical, this dissymmetry expressing itself
externally in the power of turning the plane of polarisation. If any
exceptions exist they are more apparent than real. Pasteur himself
pointed out some of them, while demonstrating at the same time that
it is easy to explain why all trace of dissymmetry disappears when
substances which, like rock crystal, have an external dissymmetry are
subjected to the process of solution.
An apparent contradiction to this law of demarcation between artificial
products and those of animal and vegetable life is presented by the
existence in living creatures of substances like oxalic acid, formic
acid, urea, uric acid, creatine, &c. None of these products exert an
action on polarised light or show any dissymmetry in the form of their
crystals. But it is necessary to observe that these products are the
result of secondary actions. Their formation is evidently governed by
the laws which determine the constitution of the artificial products
of our laboratories, or of the mineral kingdom properly so called.
In living beings they are the products of excretion rather than
substances essential to vegetable or animal life. When, on the other
hand, we consider the most primordial substances of vegetables and
animals--those whereof it may be justly said that they are born under
the directive influence of _becoming_ life, such as cellulose, fecula,
albumen, fibrine, &c.--they are found to possess the power of acting,
on polarised light, a characteristic necessary and sufficient to
establish their internal dissymmetry, even when, through the absence of
crystallising power, they fail to manifest this dissymmetry outwardly.
It is, therefore, true to say that the products of inorganic nature,
whether mineral or artificial, have never yet presented molecular
dissymmetry. It may also be affirmed that the substances which exert
the greatest influence in vital manifestations, which are present and
active in the seed and in the egg at the moment of the marvellous start
of animal and vegetable life, all present molecular dissymmetry.
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