Mammals of the Southwest Mountains and MesasOlin, George
Science
Mammals of the Southwest Mountains and Mesas
Olin, George
Mammals -- Southwest, New
Here and there a wisp of grass or an occasional stunted shrub has found
a precarious foothold among the slabs. Other low matlike plants occur in
considerable numbers. The only sounds are faint whisperings of wind
among the rocks and a distant sighing from the forest below. Suddenly a
sharp “eeh-eeh” breaks the silence, then all is quiet again. The shrill
sounds are repeated, this time from a different quarter. You look toward
the sound but see nothing. Finally, if you are lucky, your eyes focus on
a little face somewhat resembling that of a tiny cottontail rabbit,
peering at you from the safety of a home among the rocks. It is the pika
you see and this rock slide is his castle.
The pika bears a superficial facial resemblance to the rabbit, to which
it is most nearly related. This is occasioned no doubt by the long silky
whiskers and deeply cleft upper lip, for the eyes are small and the
ears, while large, are shaped much differently from those of its larger
relative. Its other physical characteristics are entirely unlike those
of the rabbit. The chunky body, short legs, and almost total lack of a
tail are more like those of the guinea pig to which it is more distantly
allied. Several species are known. All are inhabitants of the Northern
Hemisphere and all, whether Asiatic, European, or American, are found
living in rock slides at or above timberline. In the western United
States the pika is known by a variety of other common names of which
“coney,” “little chief hare,” and “rock rabbit” are perhaps the best
known.
Living as it does in only one type of habitat, the pika has developed
highly specialized habits. The most remarkable is its practice of
cutting hay for winter food. At timberline the growing season is short,
but the herbs and grasses which this animal eats spring up and mature in
a matter of weeks. During this time the pika lives high on the succulent
leaves and stems, but during the latter part of the season it carefully
harvests enough food to last through the coming winter. None of this
hoard is carried directly into the burrow. Instead, it is painstakingly
transported to suitable areas which are exposed to the hot sun, and
there piled in miniature haycocks and left to cure. No human harvester
ever worked harder to gather his crop or laid it up with more care than
this tiny husbandman. Fortunately its tastes are not critical; thus,
although the individual plants are scattered, the pika is able to select
a sufficient store from the considerable number of species represented
at this altitude.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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