Conspectus--The Negro-Caucasic "Great Divide"--The Negro Domain-- Negro Origins--Persistence of the Negro Type--Two Main Sections: Sudanese and Bantus--Contrasts and Analogies--Sudanese and Bantu Linguistic Areas--The "Drum Language"--West Sudanese Groups--_The Wolofs_: Primitive Speech and Pottery; Religious Notions--_The Mandingans_: Culture and Industries; History; the Guine and Mali Empires--_The Felups_: Contrasts between the Inland and Coast Peoples; Felup Type and Mental Characters--_Timni_--African Freemasonry--_The Sierra Leonese_--Social Relations--_The Liberians_--_The Krumen_--_The Upper Guinea Peoples_--Table of the Gold Coast and Slave Coast Tribes--Ashanti Folklore--Fetishism; its true inwardness--Ancestry Worship and the "Customs"--The Benin Bronzes--_The Mossi_--African Agnostics--Central Sudanese--General Ethnical and Social Relations--_The Songhai_--Domain--Origins-- Egyptian Theories--Songhai Records--_The Hausas_--Dominant Social Position--Speech and Mental Qualities--Origins--_Kanembu_; _Kanuri_; _Baghirmi_; _Mosgu_--Ethnical and Political Relations in the Chad Basin--The Aborigines--Islam and Heathendom--Slave-Hunting--Arboreal Strongholds--Mosgu Types and Contrasts--The Cultured Peoples of Central Sudan--Kanem-Bornu Records--Eastern Sudanese--Range of the Negro in Eastern Sudan--_The Mabas_--Ethnical Relations in Wadai-- _The Nubas_--The Nubian Problem--Nubian Origins and Affinities-- The Negro Peoples of the Nile-Congo Watersheds--Political Relations--Two Physical Types--_The Dinka_--Linguistic Groups-- Mental Qualities--Cannibalism--The African Cannibal Zone--Arts and Industries--High Appreciation of Pictorial Art--Sense of Humour. CONSPECTUS OF SUDANESE NEGROES. #Present Range.# _Africa south of the Sahara, less Abyssinia, Galla, Somali and Masai lands; Tripolitana, Mauritania and Egypt sporadically; several of the southern United States; West Indies; Guiana; parts of Brazil and Peru._ #Hair#, _always black, rather short, and crisp, frizzly or woolly, flat in transverse section_; #skin-colour#, _very dark brown or chocolate and blackish, never quite black_; #skull#, _generally dolichocephalous_ (_index 72_); #jaws#, _prognathous_; #cheek-bone#, _rather small, moderately retreating, rarely prominent_; #nose#, _very broad at base, flat, small, platyrrhine_; #eyes#, _large, round, prominent, black with yellowish cornea_; #stature#, _usually tall, 1.78 m. (5 ft. 10 in.)_; #lips#, _often tumid and everted_; #arms#, _disproportionately long_; #legs#, _slender with small calves_; #feet#, _broad, flat, with low instep and larkspur heel_. #Temperament#, _sensuous, indolent, improvident_; _fitful, passionate and cruel, though often affectionate and faithful_; _little sense of dignity, and slight self-consciousness, hence easy acceptance of yoke of slavery_; _musical_.