5. What classes of interests are affected by increasing the minimum weight for carloads? Explain in each case whether the effect is favorable or unfavorable and the reasons therefor. 6. Does cost of service have anything to do with the rates charged by railroads? 7. Give an example of a blanket rate territory and the reasons therefor. 8. What is the "long and short haul" clause of the Interstate Commerce Act? Explain why railroads make rates which contravene the terms of this clause, and why the government should forbid the railroads to make such rates. 9. A railroad connecting two competitive points charges one-fourth of a cent per ton mile on grain shipments from its inland terminus, while it charges one cent per ton mile on grain shipments from non-competitive territory. What considerations have probably led to the establishment of the above rates? Might not the railroad increase its net revenue by raising the rate on through traffic to one-half cent per ton mile and lowering the local rate to three-fourths of a cent per ton mile? 10. The rate on corn in carload lots from Omaha, Neb. to Newport News, Va. is 10 cents per hundred pounds. From the Omaha region there are competing carriers to the Gulf and other Atlantic ports. The rate on corn in carload lots from points in Virginia to Newport News over the same route is 12 cents per hundred pounds. Could not the local rates be lowered if the carriers advanced the rates on the long-distance haul? 11. What cases have you seen where the railroads impose unjustly on the public? 12. Give instances you have seen or heard of where two shippers paid different rates for the same service. 13. Do you know any large cities that are more favorable shipping points than neighboring towns? 14. What legal rights do the builders of a railroad have that are not enjoyed by all citizens? 15. Can you see any clear distinction between the public nature of a railroad and that of a horse and carriage? 16. What harm can there be in the acceptance of passes by judges, legislators, and other public officials? 17. Ought the law prohibit the sale of tickets by "scalpers"? 18. If your neighbor rides on a pass and you pay your fare, are you helping to pay for his ride? 19. Why should preachers get half-fare rates? 20. What are the chief reasons for the governmental regulation of railways? 21. Why does the question of the control of the railways in the interest of the public present especial difficulties in America? CHAPTER 28 THE PROBLEM OF INDUSTRIAL MONOPOLY REFERENCES. _Bolen, G. L._, Plain facts as to the trusts and the tariff. 1902. _Collier, W. M._, The trusts. 1900. _Cotter, A._, The authentic history of the United States Steel Corporation. 1916. _Hobson, J. A._, The evolution of modern capitalism. Ed., 1912. Ch. V.