Georgia -- Antiquities; Mounds -- Georgia; Ocmulgee National Monument (Ga.)
The disappearance of the land bridge must have been very gradual by
human standards. Successive generations would have found the journey
increasingly difficult, but this would only have led to the adoption of
other measures such as waiting for winter ice or the use of rafts or
boats to cross the widening stretches of open water. Once arrived, they
began to spread out over the country, moving on as the game became
scarce to where it was more abundant, looking for new and unpeopled
areas whenever they began to catch sight too often of members of other
bands hunting the same territory. Not many years would be needed to
cover the vast expanse of the two continents. With movements of only 20
or 30 miles each year, it might have happened in as little as a dozen
generations; but we can say for sure that man had reached southern
Patagonia by about 6000 B. C., possibly far earlier. By then, we may
assume, the new homeland had been explored with some thoroughness; and
portions of it had already been inhabited for thousands of years. It was
by no means filled up; but many of its potentialities were known, and
American Indians were well started on their own peculiar course of
development.
Man Comes to Georgia
The roving existence led by these _Wandering Hunters_ brought them into
the region which is now Georgia at a relatively early date. We do not
know by what route they came here, for it is easier to seek out the
geographic limitations which restricted the first migrants to the New
World to a single point of entry than it is to trace the wanderings of
their descendants over some 8,000,000 square miles of North America.
Nevertheless, we are beginning to get a few hints.
[Illustration: Mammoth Hunters, from Museum exhibit panel.]
Fluted point sites have been found in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and
Virginia; and single fluted points have been found in a number of places
in Georgia, though possibly more often north than south of Macon. One
fluted specimen, however, was actually excavated from the Macon Plateau,
a designation adopted for the hilltop terrain of the Ocmulgee
excavations. The recovery here of other tools of the same greatly
decomposed flint strengthens the likelihood of a true “paleo-Indian”
occupation at Ocmulgee. The inclusion among them of many thumbnail
scrapers of a type recently shown to be distinctive of eastern fluted
point sites is especially significant.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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