Georgia -- Antiquities; Mounds -- Georgia; Ocmulgee National Monument (Ga.)
The fluted point, missing the forward one-third of its length, was a
fine specimen of the so-called Clovis type of these artifacts, and so
typical of thousands of such implements which have been picked up at
random in the eastern United States as well as in the West. The Clovis
point is like its Folsom cousin in several ways, particularly in having
a long channel flake removed from one or both of its faces, possibly as
a means of reducing its total thickness, and in the grinding of the edge
along the lower sides and across the base to avoid cutting the lashings
which bound it to the shaft. Like the smaller Folsom point, too, it is
named for a site in the western High Plains, where its position
underlying Folsom on some sites and its association with mammoth bones
give us definite clues to its age west of the Mississippi.
Unlike Folsom, however, the Clovis fluted point is not limited to the
region on the east flank of the Rockies. Instead, it has been found from
Alaska to Costa Rica and from Vermont to Florida. Its use, too, seems to
have been less specialized. Folsom man was a bison hunter; and the
abundant grasses of the Plains probably account for the rather definite
limits of his range. The big Clovis points, on the other hand, were
certainly used on mammoth; but we do not know that this over-sized
quarry was their only target. Possibly the mammoth was more adaptable
than the bison and could seek out other areas as the changing climate
made its accustomed haunts unlivable; or it may have been the Clovis
hunters who were the more flexible and could shift more readily to other
kinds of game when the mammoth disappeared from the scene.
[Illustration: Hunting was hard work. Museum exhibit case.]
The wide geographic range of the point is matched by the variety of
shapes which are included in the type, though all have a family
resemblance built around the distinctive channel formed on one or both
faces. Until it is found in a context permitting direct dating, however,
the real problem in the East hinges on the significance of this family
resemblance. The question is whether this resemblance is a result of
chance, or whether it indicates contact with the makers of the fluted
points in the West whose age is now reasonably well established.
[Illustration: Hunter with atlatl (throwing stick).]
Perhaps the only thing we can say definitely about these early nomadic
hunters would be that their unusual fluted type of projectile point
occurs in the eastern United States and has been found in clearly
defined contexts which suggest a greater age than that known for any
other recognized types in these areas. This distinctive weapon is
thought to be a variety of the western Clovis fluted point, which has
been found in the West beneath Folsom, and therefore antedating 8000 B.
C.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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