Art criticism; Dramatic criticism; Literature -- History and criticism
Of Wordsworth’s own share--that far greater share of his--in the poems,
it is interesting to notice how the general title, _Lyrical Ballads
with a few other Poems_, is required to cover the whole of it. For
they are of two kinds--Wordsworth’s poems in the volume--the simple
stories of humble life, which may or may not be dramatic, in which the
‘I’ of the poet is not necessarily himself, and the poems which record
unmistakably his personal feeling and experience, such as ‘The Tables
Turned, an Evening Scene,’ the noble lines written near Tintern Abbey,
and the small poem which rejoices in perhaps the longest title ever
bestowed upon verse, ‘Lines written at a small distance from my house,
and sent by my little boy to the person to whom they are addressed.’
These, and one or two others, are the contributions to which Coleridge
refers when he says that ‘Mr. Wordsworth added two or three poems
written in his own character, in the impassioned, lofty, and sustained
diction which is characteristic of his genius.’
Many of Wordsworth’s verses, whether of the one class or the other,
in the _Lyrical Ballads_, bear reference to the circumstances of
the moment and the place--are stamped with the mark of his Alfoxden
sojourn. ‘The Thorn’ arose out of his observing on the ridge of
Quantock Hill a thorn on a stormy day. He had often passed it
unnoticed in calm. ‘I said to myself, Cannot I by some invention
do as much to make this Thorn prominently an impressive object as
the storm has made it to my eyes at this moment? I began the poem
accordingly, and composed it with great rapidity.’ He adds that Sir
George Beaumont painted a picture from it, which Wilkie thought his
best. Wilkie--sagacious Scotsman!--did not commit himself too much by
such praise. But Wordsworth thought the picture nobly done. The only
fault of any consequence, he said, was the woman’s figure--too old
and decrepit ‘for one likely to frequent an eminence on such a call.’
‘Expostulation and Reply,’ which Wordsworth learned was a favourite
among the Quakers, was composed in front of the house at Alfoxden, in
the spring of 1798. ‘The Tables Turned’ was composed at the same time,
in praise of the
Spontaneous wisdom breathed by health,
Truth breathed by cheerfulness.
And of ‘The Last of the Flock,’ the author says that the incident
occurred in the village of Holford, close by Alfoxden.
But I think the most interesting of the records is the record of ‘We
are Seven.’ This was composed while walking in the favourite grove.
In Wordsworth’s confession that he composed the last stanza first, we
get at the secret of how entirely the subject had struck him from the
spiritual side.
‘But they are dead; those two are dead!
Their spirits are in heaven!’
’Twas throwing words away, for still
The little maid would have her will,
And said, ‘Nay, we are seven!’
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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