Outlines of Zuñi Creation Myths: Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1891-1892, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 321-448 — John Shaqi
Outlines of Zuñi Creation Myths: Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1891-1892, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 321-448Cushing, Frank Hamilton
History
Outlines of Zuñi Creation Myths: Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1891-1892, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1896, pages 321-448
Cushing, Frank Hamilton
Zuni mythology
It is quite certain that relatives, in a way--not ancestral--of the
Zuñis still exist. Not many years before Fray Marcos de Niza discovered
Cibola, the Zuñians conquered some small towns of the Keres to the
south-southeastward of the Zuñi-Cibola country, and adopted some of
the survivors and also some of their ritual-dramas--still performed,
and distinctively Keresan in kind--into their own tribe. Previously
to that--previously, indeed, to their last and greatest union with
the settled people mentioned as the aboriginal Zuñi--a large body of
the western branch and their earlier fellows (called in the myths of
creation "Our lost others") separated from them in the country south
and west of the Rio Puerco and the Colorado Chiquito, and went, not
wholly as related in the myths, yet quite, undoubtedly, far away to
the southward. I have identified and traced their remains in Arizona
toward and into Mexico as far as the coast, and if, as the Zuñis still
believe, any of them survive to this day, they are to be looked for
lower down in Mexico or in the still farther south, whither, it is
said, they disappeared so long ago. But, as before intimated, these
relatives (by adoption in the one case, by derivation in the other)
were not, strictly speaking, ancestral, and thus are barely alluded to
in the myths, and therefore concern us less than do the two main or
parental branches.
Of these, the one which contributed more largely in numbers, certain
culture characteristics, and the more peaceful arts of life to make
the Zuñis what they were at the time of the Spanish conquest, was the
aboriginal branch. The intrusive or western branch is, strange to say,
although least numerous, the one most told of in the myths, the one
which speaks throughout them in the first person; that is, which claims
to be the original Shíwi or Zuñi. Of this branch it is unnecessary
to say much more here than the myths themselves declare, save to add
that it was, if not the conquering, at least, and for a long time,
the dominant one; that to it the Zuñis owe their vigor and many, if
not most, of their distinguishing traits; and that, coming as they
did from the west, they located there, and not in the north, as did
all these other Pueblo Indians (including even those whom they found
and prevailed over, or were joined by, in the present land of Zuñi),
the place where the human family originated, where the ancestral gods
chiefly dwell, and whither after death souls of men are supposed to
return anon.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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