==================================================================== Species or Subspecies | Skin | Skeleton| Alcoholic ----------------------------------------+------+---------+---------- _Phainoptila melanoxantha melanoxantha_ | 8 | 1 | 2 _Phainoptila melanoxantha minor_ | 2 | | _Ptilogonys cinereus cinereus_ | 13 | 3 | 4 _Ptilogonys cinereus molybdophanes_ | 6 | | _Ptilogonys caudatus_ | 16 | 3 | 4 _Phainopepla nitens nitens_ | | 1 | 5 _Phainopepla nitens lepida_ | 12 | 5 | 4 _Bombycilla cedrorum_ | 53 | 27 | 8 _Bombycilla garrula garrula_ | 4 | 3 | _Bombycilla garrula centralasiae_ | 9 | 2 | _Bombycilla garrula pallidiceps_ | 7 | 3 | 2 _Bombycilla japonica_ | 10 | | _Dulus dominicus dominicus_ | 9 | 5 | 2 _Dulus dominicus oviedo_ | 4 | 1 | |--------------------------- Totals | 153 | 54 | 31 -------------------------------------------------------------------- DIAGNOSES Family Bombycillidae _Diagnosis._--Bill short, flat, somewhat obtuse, minutely notched near tip of each maxilla, flared at base; gape wide and deeply cleft; culmen convex; nasal fossa broad, exposed, or filled with short, erect or antrorse, close-set velvety feathers; nostril narrowly elliptical; rictal vibrissae long, short, or absent; lacrimal bone free, articulating at two points; wings long and pointed, or short and rounded; primaries ten, tenth reduced in some species; tail short, narrow, even, two thirds or less length of wing, or much longer and forked or rounded; feet weak (except in _Dulus_ and _Phainoptila_); tarsus generally shorter than middle toe and claw, distinctly scutellate with five or six divisions, the lateral plate subdivided (except in _Phainoptila_); lateral toes of nearly equal length; hallux approximately as long as inner lateral toe, or shorter; basal phalanx of middle toe more or less united to that of outer and inner toes; body stout; head generally conspicuously crested; plumage soft, smooth and silky (except in _Dulus_); eggs spotted; nest in trees; three subfamilies, five genera, eight species. Subfamily Ptilogonatinae _Diagnosis._--Rictus with conspicuous bristles; nasal fossa almost entirely exposed; tail long and rounded, graduated, or square; caudal muscles and pygostyle well developed; wings rounded and short, first primary a half to a third as long as second; second primary shorter than third; humerus long, with small external condyle; plumage soft and silky, less so in _Phainoptila_; sexes dissimilar, young like adult female; three genera, four species. Genus =Phainoptila= Salvin