Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
11. Mnesiphilus the Athenian, a friend and favorite of Solon’s, said:
O Periander, our discourse, as our wine, ought to be distributed not
according to our power or priority, but freely and equally, as in
a popular state; for what hath been already discoursed concerning
kingdoms and empires signifies little to us who live in a democracy.
Wherefore I judge it convenient that every one of you beginning with
Solon, should freely and impartially declare his sense of a popular
state. The motion pleased all the company; then saith Solon: My friend
Mnesiphilus, you heard, together with the rest of this good company,
my opinion concerning republics; but since you are willing to hear
it again, I hold that city or state happy and most likely to remain
democratic, in which those that are not personally injured are yet as
forward to question and correct wrong-doers as that person who is more
immediately wronged. Bias added, Where all fear the law as they fear a
tyrant. Thirdly, Thales said, Where the citizens are neither too rich
nor too poor. Fourthly, Anacharsis said, Where, though in all other
respects they are equal, yet virtuous men are advanced and vicious
persons degraded. Fifthly, Cleobulus said, Where the rulers fear
reproof and shame more than the law. Sixthly, Pittacus said, Where bad
men are prohibited from ruling, and good men from not ruling. Chilo,
pausing a little while, determined that the best and most durable
state was where the subject minded the law most and the orators least.
Periander concluded with his opinion, that all of them would best
approve that democracy which came next and was likest to an aristocracy.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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