_ha_ (_wa_, _ba_) isolates and emphasizes the noun rather as apart from the verb--_chichi haha ha, uwe-samukaramu_, father and mother, _they_ will be hungry and cold; _kono toki ha, ika ni shitsutsuka_, this time _then_ while doing what. This emphatic force explains its occurrence after verbs and sentences or clauses--_ihazu-ba_, not say indeed = should we not say …; _Yamato ni ha_, it is in Yamato that …; _yuki furu yo ha_, a night indeed on which snow falls: _a wo koso se to ha_, it is I indeed whom (you should call) husband. _ga_ is a possessive particle, _wa-ga (warega) ohokimi_, my great lord; _Wazami ga hara_, plain of Wazami. It may be used before verbs, _tori ga naku_, the bird cries; or after, _nabiku ga gotoku_, like bending before. Sometimes it resembles _ha_ _kimi ga agari-ki-masamu_, my lord, he will embark. _tsu_ is possessive, _amatsu kami_, gods of heaven, _kuni tsu kami_, gods of the land. It seems to follow names of things only. _no_ (originally _nu_, be?) is used as a genitive particle, like ‘of’. It is more general than _ga_, which is special; _no_ sometimes almost equals _ha_ (_wa_). _Mi-torashi no adzusa no yumi no hazu no oto_, sound of the notch of the bow of whitewood of his royal grasp; _Uchi no ohonu_, the great moor of _Uchi_. This particle may connect other words than nouns, _ari no kotogoto_, all one has, or, there is (_ari_); _miru no goto_, like _miru_ (seaweed); _ame tsuchi no wakareshi toki_, heaven--earth’s separated time (time of separation of heaven and earth). This connexion by _no_ of parts of a sentence--often wide apart--other than nouns must be carefully kept in mind. Thus read _hito no [mono wo omofu]_, a man’s thinking of things (regretfully): not _[hito no mono] wo omofu_, to think of a man-thing (or man’s things, &c.)[5]. _ni_ (perhaps a stem of _nu_, be) = in, to, at, for, with, by, on, near; _Yamato ni_, in Yamato; _toki ni_, at time = when; _miya ni amori_, descend from heaven to the palace; _te ni tori_, take in the hand; _ashita ni_, on the morrow; _asagari ni tatasu_, start for morning-hunt; _tokoro ni yuku_, go to a place; also adverbially, _yasukaranaku ni_, in a not-restful way; _aya ni_, strangely; _kogi-yuku ni_, in or while rowing on; _tokoshihe ni_, everlastingly. _Ni_ sometimes transfers the action of a causative or transitive verb to the noun it follows.