Psychology and Pedagogy of AngerRichardson, Roy Franklin
Science
Psychology and Pedagogy of Anger
Richardson, Roy Franklin
Anger
on his success was a point of marked pleasure. Subject E. who had felt
humiliated by X. whom he considered had underestimated him, observed as
a final reaction, “I will show him in the next ten years, I am young
and can work, and he will see.” Then followed a number of plans for
the future. One subject reacts for a moment at times to resentment by
day dreams in which he imagines himself a man of wealth and deals out
favors to all except his enemy. He even uses his wealth and influence
against him. The feeling is rather pleasant in tone till the moment
he comes back to a sense of reality. The transition decreases the
pleasantness rather suddenly.
_Attitudinal Reactions._ Attitudinal reactions of a hostile nature are
an important part of the anger consciousness. What may be called
“resolutional attitudes” frequently occur as one of the final mental
reactions in the diminution of the emotion. The resolutional attitude to
do something in the future at a more convenient time when the effects
will be greater, becomes a convenient substitute for conscious
tendencies that require present restraint. The subject definitely
settles on a course of action which cannot be carried out at once. The
feeling tone of such conscious attitudes is pleasant. It is not unusual
to have a settled resolution and come to a definite conclusion in the
initial reactive stage of the emotion. Unless the attitude is ready made
for the occasion, it appears as one of the final resorts. A
characteristic of “nowness” belongs to anger. An attitude that portends
to future behavior is secondary, appearing after the possibilities of
present reactions are exhausted. Much of the initial restraint in
inhibitions is preparatory to the attainment of a settled conclusion; in
some cases initial reaction behaves in a trial and error fashion. The
results of a number of hostile impulses are imagined and are followed to
their end until finally one is selected that seems most fitting. The
conclusion reached may be temporary. Although it may be abandoned on the
reappearance of the emotion, there is a temporary satisfaction in having
attained a conclusive attitude even momentarily. The following case from
C. will illustrate. C. became angry on being told of X.’s behavior. He
first recalled a number of previous similar instances; second, he
transferred the anger momentarily to another person who told him of the
offense; third, he imagined himself cutting off all business relations
with X. and as a fourth reaction he observes, “I took on a pugnacious
attitude and concluded to fight it out according to the rules of the
game, and planned what I would do and say to make him come my way.” The
attitude of waiting for further developments, biding one’s time, being
cautious, is a frequent substitute for rising tendencies demanding
present action. Subject E. observes, “I finally came to the conclusion
not to lie in wait for the opportunity to get back at the offender, but
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