Rough Ways Made Smooth: A series of familiar essays on scientific subjectsProctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
Science
Rough Ways Made Smooth: A series of familiar essays on scientific subjects
Proctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
Science
In 1724, Maraldi noticed that the corona was broadest first on the side
towards which the moon was advancing, and afterwards on the side which
the moon was leaving. From this we may infer that the corona was only a
narrow ring on that occasion, since otherwise the slight difference of
breadth due to the moon's eccentric position at the beginning and end
of totality would not have been noticeable. Now, the year 1723 was one
of minimum disturbance, with one year of doubt either way. Thus 1724
was certainly a year of few sun-spots, and may have been the actual
year of minimum disturbance. The corona then presented an appearance
according with the theory we are considering.
Few eclipses have been better observed than that of the year 1733.
The Royal Society of Sweden invited all who could spare the time to
assist, as far as their ability permitted, in recording the phenomena
presented during totality. The pastor of Stona Malm states that at
Catherinesholm, there was a ring around the sun about 70,000 miles in
height. (Of course these are not his exact words; what he actually
stated was that the ring was about a digit in breadth.) This is the
exact height assigned to the coronal ring by the observers of the
eclipse of last year. The ring seemed to be of a reddish colour.
Another clergyman, Vallerius, states also that the ring was of this
colour, but adds that at a considerable distance from the sun it had
a greenish hue. This suggests the idea that the outer corona was seen
also by Vallerius, and that it had considerable breadth. The reddish
colour of the inner light portion would correspond to the colour it
would have if it consisted in the main of glowing hydrogen. If that
really was its constitution, then the theory advanced by one observer
of the last eclipse, that at the time of minimum solar disturbance the
glowing hydrogen is withdrawn from the corona, would be shown to be
incorrect. For 1733 was the actual year of minimum solar disturbance.
The pastor of Smoland states that 'during the total obscuration the
edge of the moon's disc resembled gilded brass, and the faint ring
round it emitted rays in an upward as well as in a downward direction,
similar to those seen beneath the sun when a shower of rain is
impending.' The mathematical lecturer of the Academy of Charles-stadt,
M. Edstrom, observed these rays with special attention: he says that
'they plainly maintained the same position, until they vanished along
with the ring upon the re-appearance of the sun.' On the other hand,
at Lincopia no rays were seen. On the whole it seems clear from the
accounts of this eclipse that the inner corona was bright and narrow;
rays issued from the outer faint ring; but they were very delicate
phenomena, easily concealed by atmospheric haze, and thus were not
everywhere observed. As rays were seen in July 1878, there is nothing
in the evidence afforded by the eclipse of 1733, occurring at a time
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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