FOOTNOTES [85] In the _Annals of Tighernach_ (A.D. 716), the _Annals of Ulster_ (A.D. 715), and the _Book of Hymns_ (ed. Todd, p. 156) the Latin _civitas_ (Ir. _Cathair_) is the word used for a monastery. [86] The old name for Dublin was _Baile-atha-Cliath_, “the town of the hurdle ford.” It was afterwards called _Dubh-linn_ (“black pool”), of which the O.N. _Dyflin_ is a corruption. [87] See p. 55. [88] Armagh is the only place in Ireland which is marked on a tenth century map of the world preserved in the British Museum. See R. A. S. Macalister: _Muiredach_: _Abbot of Monasterboice_, p. 13. [89] It is called _Tengmonth_ and _Teggemuta_ in medieval documents (_Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey_, I., 15, 461, 463, 465) and from it the surrounding parish of St. Andrew--“_Parochia Sancti Andreae de Thengmote_”--took its name. In 1647 it is referred to as “the fortified hill near the College,” but about thirty years later it was levelled to the ground and the earth was used for building Nassau Street (J. T. Gilbert: _History of Dublin_, II, p. 258). [90] The name survived until the 18th century in _Hog Hill_, but it was afterwards changed to St. Andrew’s Street. [91] _Annals of Ulster_, A.D. 839, 840, 925, 928, 934. These colonies were governed by earls, not kings, and their dependency on the kingdom of Dublin is clearly shown by certain entries in the Annals. In 926 a Viking fleet at Linn Duachaill (on the coast of Louth) was commanded by Albdann (O.N. _Halfdanr_), son of Guthfrith (King of Dublin, 920-933). Later, when part of Albdann’s army was besieged at Ath Cruithne (near Newry), Guthfrith went with his forces to relieve it. In 927 the “foreigners of Linn Duachaill” accompanied Guthfrith when he marched on York. See Steenstrup, _op. cit._, III., p. 115. [92] Wexford was also governed by earls. One of them, Accolb, is mentioned in the _Annals of the Four Masters_, A.D. 928. [93] The Irish name _Luimnech_ (hence O.N. _Hlymrek_) was originally applied to the estuary of the Shannon, but was afterwards confined to the town itself when it had risen to importance under Scandinavian rule. [94] _Annals of the Four Masters_, A.D. 843; _War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill_, p. 8. [95] _Three Fragments of Annals_, pp. 167, 144-6. _War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill_, ch. 23. [96] _Three Fragments of Annals_, pp. 173-175; _Chronicon Scotorum_, A.D. 887. [97] _The Victorious Career of Cellachan of Cashel_, pp. 9, 66; _War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill_, p. 56. [98] _Annals of Ulster_, A.D. 845, 922, 929; _The Victorious Career of Cellachan of Cashel_, p. 10; _War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill_, p. 10; _Three Fragments of Annals_, p. 197. [99] _Annals of Ulster_, A.D. 924. [100] _Annals of the Four Masters_, A.D. 935; _Chronicon Scotorum_, A.D. 936. [101] A. Bugge: _Sidste Afsnit af Nordboernes Historie i Irland_, pp. 254, 255. [102] _War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill_, p. 41. [103] _The Victorious Career of Cellachan of Cashel_, p. 64.