Science and poetryRichards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
History
Science and poetry
Richards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
English poetry -- 20th century -- History and criticism; Poetry
Next arise various pictures ‘in the mind’s eye’; not of words but
of things for which the words stand; perhaps of ships, perhaps of
hills; and together with them, it may be, other images of various
sorts. Images of what it feels like to stand leaning on the parapet of
Westminster Bridge. Perhaps that odd thing, an image of ‘silence.’ But,
unlike the image-bodies of the words themselves, those other images of
things are not vitally important. Those who have them may very well
think them indispensable, and _for them_ they may be necessary; but
other people may not require them at all. This is a point at which
differences between individual minds are very marked.
Thence onwards the agitation which is the experience divides into a
major and a minor branch, though the two streams have innumerable
interconnections and influence one another intimately. Indeed it is
only as an expositor’s artifice that we may speak of them as two
streams.
The minor branch we may call the intellectual stream; the other, which
we may call the active, or emotional, stream, is made up of the play of
our interests.
The intellectual stream is fairly easy to follow; it follows itself, so
to speak; but it is the less important of the two. In poetry it matters
only _as a means_; it directs and excites the active stream. It is made
up of thoughts, which are not static little entities that bob up into
consciousness and down again out of it, but fluent happenings, events,
which reflect or point to the things the thoughts are ‘of.’ Exactly how
they do this is a matter which is still much disputed.
This pointing to or reflecting things is all that thoughts do. They
appear to do much more; which is our chief illusion. The realm of
thought is never a sovereign state. Our thoughts are the servants of
our interests, and even when they seem to rebel it is usually our
interests that are in disorder. Our thoughts are pointers and it is the
other, the active, stream which deals with the things which thoughts
reflect or point to.
Some people who read verse (they do not often read much of it), are so
constituted that very little more happens than this intellectual stream
of thoughts. It is perhaps superfluous to point out that they miss the
real poem. To exaggerate this part of the experience, and give it too
much importance on its own account, is a notable current tendency, and
for many people explains why they do not read poetry.
The active branch is what really matters; for from it all the energy
of the whole agitation comes. The thinking which goes on is somewhat
like the play of an ingenious and invaluable ‘governor’ run by but
controlling the main machine. Every experience is essentially some
interest or group of interests swinging back to rest.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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