Amyot and others write ‘Cleombrotus’ for ‘Theophrastus’, a change which,
in view of Plutarch’s carelessness as to personal names, seems not
unlikely, and helps a little. No doubt Theophrastus is quoted, but his
name need not have been mentioned, and may have been brought into the
text in the wrong place. The absurdity of the words which I have given
in italics seems evident, and I have returned to a suggestion of
Xylander,[2] by introducing a negative before πολλά, assuming that
Theophrastus is quoted, not for any opinion about daemons, but for a
canon of what is logically ‘probable’. More subtle solutions are
suggested, which could not be discussed here properly: the question
seems too intricate to be settled by a translator as he goes on his way.
We really want to know what Theophrastus said.
The remarks on the absence of a commentary do not apply to the dialogue
on _Instances of Delay in Divine Punishment_, fully annotated by
Wyttenbach in 1772, nor to the essay _On Superstition_ and the greater
part of _The E at Delphi_, which are dealt with in his continuous
commentary. Nor should I omit to mention the great help afforded by
Kepler’s notes on the _Face in the Moon_ and his scholarly translation.
The large number of poetical quotations in Plutarch often stop a
translator’s hand. Wherever it is possible, I have turned to standard
versions: for Homer to that of Worsley completed by Conington, for
Pindar’s extant Odes to that of Bishop George Moberly, which it has been
an especial pleasure to use; for some lines of the _Cyclops_ of
Euripides I have been fortunate enough to draw upon Shelley. There
remain a good many fragments, some of them of real poetical quality, and
some jingling oracles and the like; for the latter doggerel is the
proper vehicle, for the former the best attainable doggerel must serve.
The range of Plutarch’s poetical quotations seems strangely limited
considering their number. All are Greek, and most from the older poets;
indeed, with the exception of a few from the New Comedy, nearly all
might have been used by Plato. Those from the Tragedians are always to
the point, but he does not appear to care from which of the three he is
borrowing.[3] Homer and Hesiod always bring a welcome flavour of an
older world. Perhaps Pindar is the poet whom he quotes with most hearty
appreciation. Though he has given us many new poetical fragments, he
introduces us to few, if any, new poets. Of Bacchylides there are only
two slight quotations in all Plutarch’s works. A single reference to a
passage of Horace is all that shows a knowledge of the existence of
Roman poetry.
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