Sex variant women in literature : $b A historical and quantitative survey — John Shaqi
Sex variant women in literature : $b A historical and quantitative surveyFoster, Jeannette H. (Jeannette Howard)
General
Sex variant women in literature : $b A historical and quantitative survey
Foster, Jeannette H. (Jeannette Howard)
Lesbians in literature; Sex in literature; Women in literature
The best-authenticated facts seem to be that the poet was a small dark
woman sometimes referred to as “ill-favored,” but endowed with
sufficient grace and personal charm to inspire in several fellow
countrymen and poets a passion which she did not reciprocate. She was of
distinguished family and lived in a time of acute political strife. She
suffered exile twice during her early years: once from Mitylene to the
interior of the island of Lesbos, the second time to Sicily. Weigall
believes she was already well-known as a poet before her Sicilian
sojourn, and suggests that she may have spent her several years on the
island in Sybaris, where she acquired something of that city’s brilliant
sophistication. He places in this period also her marriage, probably of
short duration, and the birth of her daughter Kleis to whom she was
devoted throughout her life. After her return to Mitylene in her middle
twenties she seems to have had constantly about her an ever-changing
circle of younger women to whom she taught the verse-writing, music, and
dancing which constituted a well-born girl’s preparation for marriage.
Some of these pupils or protégées may have lived in her house; it is
known they came from neighboring islands and mainland to be taught by
her.
The incident most often connected with her name is her leap to death
from the cliffs of Leucadia for unrequited love of a young ferryman,
Phaon. Certain references in her work and that of others, however,
indicate that she died peacefully at home at a relatively advanced age.
In fact, modern scholars are inclined to pronounce the whole Phaon
anecdote legendary; but since it persisted for a couple of millennia,
Weigall attempts to demonstrate at least its possible truth. The
tenacity with which the story has survived is undoubtedly due to Ovid’s
incorporating it in his _Heroides_ or Epistles of Heroines (15: “Sappho
to Phaon”),[4] since, thanks to his romantic qualities, he was the most
popular of all classical authors for several centuries after the Revival
of Learning. Ovid’s epistle, though sympathetically written, represents
Sappho as an aging and heartbroken woman deserted by her handsome young
lover and still consumed by passion for him “as by a grass fire.”
Ridiculed by friends, reproached by her brother for such despondency
while she still has a living daughter, desperate over her waning charms,
she can think only of suicide; and all this plaint she pours out in a
letter to the man who has left her without even a farewell. The lament
shows less restraint than any of Sappho’s known verse, for fervent
though that often is, it never lacks dignity. There is always the
chance, of course, that Ovid had access to poems now wholly lost and
never mentioned elsewhere; it is certain that during the centuries
immediately following her death Sappho was the subject of some dramatic
works (possibly satiric) of which we now know only the author’s names,
but which Ovid may have known.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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