Sex variant women in literature : $b A historical and quantitative surveyFoster, Jeannette H. (Jeannette Howard)
General
Sex variant women in literature : $b A historical and quantitative survey
Foster, Jeannette H. (Jeannette Howard)
Lesbians in literature; Sex in literature; Women in literature
Wherever responsibility lies, there was certainly a legend subsequent to
Ovid’s day that two Sapphos had flourished in Lesbos, one the great poet
and the other a courtesan of undisciplined habits. Weigall believes this
tale was motivated by rumors of heterosexual irregularities, and was
invented by her well-wishers to clear her name of their shadow. But one
must consider also that during the period of this myth’s crystallization
homosexuality in either sex was no longer tolerated as it had been
(within limits) in the earlier Greek period. In Rome its practice among
women was associated only with courtesans; thus it may equally well have
been rumors of lesbian irregularity which gave rise to the conviction
that she must have been a courtesan.
When one turns from personal conjecture about Sappho to the text of her
work, one is left with no possible doubt about her variant tastes.
Consider, for instance, the “Ode” mentioned above:
It is to be a god, methinks, to sit before you and listen close by to
the sweet accents and winning laughter which have made the heart in
my breast beat fast, I warrant you. When I look on you, Brocheo, my
speech comes short or fails me quite, I am tongue-tied; in a moment a
delicate fire has overrun my flesh, my eyes grow dim and my ears
ring, the sweat runs down me and a trembling takes me altogether,
till I am as green and pale as grass, and death itself seems not very
far away ...[5]
Few of her other poems equal this in intensity, and the textual
evidences that its object was a woman (the gender of the name Brocheo
being for a time in doubt) are meager enough so that during the years
when homosexuality was a heinous offense scholars could translate it as
addressed to a man without too great a strain on intellectual integrity.
Discovery of the Oxyrinchus papyri, however, (so called from the
Egyptian town where they were disinterred), added so much variant
material to that already preserved in quotations that it rendered honest
doubt of her variance impossible. In the many poems and fragments
addressed to girls her ardor is evoked oftenest by maidenhood, its
moving aspect not virginity so much as physical grace and delicacy and a
certain light freedom of spirit. In one fragment, indeed, she describes
herself as “eternally maiden” at heart.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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