Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum — John Shaqi
Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum
Religion
Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum
Hymns, Sumerian; Sumerian language -- Texts
_ka_, sign-name KÂGU, is a postpositive sign of the genitive. The sign
KÂGU (discussed below) is often used in this way, but it has several
values and is used to express a large number of ideas, _ka_ as a
postposition is a dialectic form of _ge_(KIT).
_še-ir-ma-al_ is ES for the EK _nir-gal_, _š_ changing to _n_ and _m_ to
_g_ (MSL. p. XI). It is translated into Assyrian by the word _etellu_.
_še-ir-ma-al_ consists then of two parts; stem _še-ir_ and suffix
_ma-al_. Strictly, _še-ir_ is “lord” and _še-ir-ma-al_ is “lordship”.
_še-ir_: _e_ and _i_ appear generally to be distinct sounds, but they
combine, just as the two _u_’s combine in _mu-un_, making _mun_, and as
the two _a_’s combine in _na-àm_, making _nam_. Evidently the weaker
sound is absorbed by the stronger, hence _še-ir_ becomes _šêr_, “ruler”,
which could be represented by NISIGÙ (JA., 1905, p. 113, also Br. 4306).
_še_ is perhaps a Semitic value coming from _šê’u_, “grain”. The
original sign is a picture of a head of grain like wheat or oats. The
name of the sign is Û-UM. The sign occurs in line 20 as an ideogram.
_ir_ is also Semitic value of the sign GAḲ-GUNÙ. We shall meet the sign
used as a verb equal to _kamû_, “bind”.
_ma-al_, phonetically written for _mal_, is an ending which adds to
_šêr_ the idea of “having”; hence _še-ir-ma-al_ means “having rule”.
_ma_: we shall find MAMÛ used mostly as a noun, but it may occur as a
verbal prefix or as a phonetic complement.
_al_: the sign has only one value, _al_, whose use is principally
syllabic. The sign-name is ALLU.
_nì-te-na_: nì-te is the main word with _na_ as a suffix.
_nì-te_: _nì_ and _te_ stand related to each other as object and cognate
verb, meaning “fear a fear”. The affinity of _nì_ and _te_ is shown by
the fact that the sign for _nì_, called IMMU, may have the value _tu_
(see Br. 8355), then the object and verb would be _tu-te_, “fear a fear”
(see Fossey in JA., 1905, p. 128). _nì-te_ may mean “self” just as _nì_
may stand not only for “fear” but for that which causes fear as
_Rammânu_, “the storm-god”, and then by way of erroneous association for
_ramânu_, “self”.
_nì_: the sign IMMU is one of the principal signs that originally
denoted “the quarter of the heavens”. It is used to signify “storm” and
many ideas connected with storm.
_te_: TÊMMÊNU originally meant “orientation”, then “to approach
hostilely”; hence _nì-te_ meant “approach of storm”.
_na_ is an indeterminate suffix, but the context shows that it means
“thy”, so that _nì-te-na_ means “thyself” (see _na_ above).
2. _^dimmer Mu-ul-lil ù-mu-un na-àm-zu-ka ... še-ir-ma-al nì-te-na_
O Bêl, lord of wisdom, ........ supreme by thyself!
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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