Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum
Religion
Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum
Hymns, Sumerian; Sumerian language -- Texts
_^dimmer_: the sign AN here has the value _dimmer_. In the great
bilingual penitential Psalm, K. 2811 (IV R. plate 10), instead of the
single sign AN, we have the spelling _dim-me-er_ (see lines 3, 7 and
others). If this were an EK composition, the sign AN might be _dingir_,
_di-in-gir_, but in the words _ù-mu-un_ and _še-ir-ma-al_ which we have
already had, we have evidence that this is an ES composition, hence AN
here is to be read _dimmer_.
_Mu-ul-lil_: Bêl has only one name in this hymn; namely, _Mul-lil_. In
the two tablets, 29644 and 29623, following this tablet, Bêl is called
_En-lil_ (see the colophons). The word _Mu-ul-lil_ divides into two
parts, _Mu-ul_, which contracts into _Mul_, and _lil_.
_Mu-ul_: _Mul_ is ES; _En_ is EK. Both _Mul_ and _En_ mean “lord”, so
that either _Mul-lil_ or _En-lil_ means “lord of fulness”. It is
probable that _mul_ (_wul_) is cognate with _en_ (el).
_mu_ (as a value is discussed in line 1).
_ul_: the sign is composed of GÊŠPU and GUṬṬU. The value _ul_ is
Semitic. We shall meet below this sign with the value _rù_ meaning
“perfect”.
_lil_: the name of the sign is KÎTU. _lil_ in magic writings means
“demon”, i. e., a spirit which may be either good or bad. Originally the
sign indicated “structure”, from which idea comes the postpositional use
of the sign with the value _ge_. _šâru_, “wind”, with the value _lil_ is
a secondary meaning of the sign.
_ù-mu-un na-àm-zu-ka_ (occurring in line 1, was discussed there). The
fragments following _-ka_ do not give a sure clue as to what the signs
were before the erasure. After _^dimmer Mu-ul-lil_ perhaps the whole of
the second line was precisely like the first.
_še-ir-ma-al nì-te-na_ (explained in line 1).
3. _a-a ^dimmer Mu-ul-lil ù-mu-un-e kur-kur-ra_
O father Bêl, lord of the lands!
_a-a_ is probably for _ad-da_, _ad_ meaning “protector”. Exactly how
_a-a_ comes to be used in the place of _ad-da_ may not be determined
with certainty. The explanation may lie in the relation between “water”,
“seed” and “father”. _a-a_ also seems to be a softened form of _ad-da_.
_a_ means “seed” or more primarily “water”. The sign is an ideographic
picture of dripping water.
_^dimmer Mu-ul-lil_ (explained in line 2).
_ù-mu-un-e_ divides into the word _ù-mu-un_ and the prolongation vowel
_e_, possibly demonstrative in sense (see _e_ farther on).
_ù-mu-un_ is not elsewhere in this hymn lengthened to _ù-mu-un-e_, but
_ù-mu-un_ occurs nine times.
_kur-kur-ra_ is the plural form of noun, _kur_, plus postposition _ra_.
_kur-kur_: in Sumerian the general way of denoting the plural in nouns
is by doubling the root (see ASK. p. 140), whereas the doubled root in a
verb means an intensified or causative stem. There are five other cases
of doubling the root in the hymn: _di-di_, line 7, _ma-ma_, line 8,
_ir-ir_, line 13, _má-má_, line 20; and _da-da_, line 23.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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