Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum
Religion
Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum
Hymns, Sumerian; Sumerian language -- Texts
14. _dù nà-a-ni à àm-e gal-la_
Whose powerful dwelling-place (is the seat of) a great command,
_dù_: the sign giving this value has two origins, one of which is
represented by the value _dul_, meaning “cover” (Br. 9582). The other is
represented by the value _dù_ and means “dwelling-place”, rendered in
Assyrian by _šubtu_ (Br. 9588). _dù_ really means “prescribed space”.
_nà-a-ni_ means “his lying-down place”. _nà-a_ defines with more
particularity the nature of the dwelling as “a lying-down place”, “a
permanent place of rest”. Here we have _dù nà-a_; above we have _ama
nà-a_ (line 9).
_à_: IDU and DADDU come from the same ideogram which is the picture of
the hand and the forearm, the fingers pointing to the left. The value
_id_ is supposed to be of Semitic derivation, from the root appearing in
Assyrian as _idu_, “hand”. The sign IDU also means “side”, “wing”,
“horn”, “power”. Hence I render “powerful” here, making it qualify _dù
nà-a-ni_. The sign in our text is old Babylonian; yet it seems to be a
form that is approaching the Assyrian form. TA is also related to ID and
DA and is used as DA sometimes is, as a postposition.
_àm-e_, composed of prefix _àm_ and stem _e_. _àm_: we have had the sign
used phonetically (line 1). Here it is undoubtedly an abstract prefix
(MSL. p. XVII), qualifying the following _e_. The sign is old
Babylonian, readily found in old Babylonian inscriptions. It is a
composite sign. The enclosure contains the sign IZÛ which is also
composite. IZÛ however, as explained above (line 6), means “fire”. So
_àm_ is primarily the “fire of love”, hence the usual meaning “love”.
_e_: it is clear that _e_ can equal _ḳabû_, “speak” (Br. 5843 and HW.
578a). Hence _àm-e_ must mean “speech”. The sign is old Babylonian, as
may be seen, for instance, by examining Ḥammurabi. It is called ÊGÛ. The
New-Babylonian form comes nearer to the old Babylonian than the Assyrian
does. This fact goes to show that the Assyrian signs are as a rule
farther away from the archaic forms than the New-Babylonian signs are.
The sign ÂU represented “water”, but the sign ÊGÛ represented the
“waterditch”, “canal”. How _e_ comes to mean _ḳabû_ may perhaps be
explained by its relation to the value _i_ of KÂGU which equals _amâtu_,
“word”.
_gal-la_: _gal_, “great”, is often followed by the phonetic complement
_la_.
15. _kur ^dimmer Babbar-ê-ta kur ^dimmer Babbar-šu-šù_
From the land of the rising sun to the land of the setting sun!
_kur_ (see on line 3).
_^dimmer Babbar-ê-ta_ equals ideogram for “the sun”, plus verb _ê_ =
“coming out”, plus postposition “from”. _^dimmer Babbar_ is the ordinary
ideogram for _^ilu Šamaš_ used of “the sun”, as well as of “the god
_Šamaš_”. _Babbar_ is a value of ḤISSU which means “to be white”.
_ê_: = two signs, UD and DU, equivalent to this value, meaning _a⋅û_,
“come out”, or “go out”. The sign UD is a picture of the sun, and
represents the rising sun; hence = “come forth”.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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