Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum
Religion
Sumerian Hymns from Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum
Hymns, Sumerian; Sumerian language -- Texts
_gu_: GÛ is a composite sign whose original parts are NI and BE and
which means “full of death”. According to the derivation, GÛ then may be
read as “destruction” (MSL. p. 156). GÛ has also an Assyrian equivalent
_gû_ meaning “plant”, “vegetation” (Br. 11138 and HW. p. 582). The
consideration of GÛ as meaning “vegetation” looks only on the perishable
side of the object. The sign has few values. Here, it is clearly old
Babylonian resembling the linear form.
_má-má-me-en_ here equals _a⋅û_, “go out”, used of plants and trees (Br.
4303). The more generally used word for _a⋅û_ is _ê_ (UD.DU) (see on
line 15).
_má_: the name of the sign is NISIGÛ (see note on _še-ir_, line 1). The
sign is old Babylonian here. _me-en_ (see on line 16).
_še_: the sign is old Babylonian here. Its most common Assyrian
equivalent is _šê’u_, “grain” (see line 1). If we gave Û-UM the broader
meaning of “production”, at the same time reading GÛ as “destruction”,
we would have the fine antithetical parallelism: “O father Bêl, who
bringest forth destruction and who bringest forth production.” Such a
reading would give quite correctly the course of thought, for Bêl is god
of the atmosphere, lord of the clouds, and commander of the rain-storms
which are either sources of growth on earth or of ruin. On the other
hand, the translation which I have adopted seems perhaps preferable.
21. _^dimmer Mu-ul-lil me-lam-zu gúr-ra ha-mu-ni-ib-( )-ne-ne_
O Bêl, before the great glory may they be (in fear?)!
_me-lam-zu_: from the combination of ME and LAM we get the Assyrian
_melammu_, “glory”. _me_: MIMÛ with the value _išib_ means _ellu_,
“bright” (see line 16 for further comment). _lam_: one of the values of
IZÛ, seems to equal _išâtu_, “flame”, but the usual value of IZÛ for
_išâtu_ is _bil_ (see line 6, _de_), _me-lam_ literally means “bright
flame”. _zu_, besides being an ideogram for _idû_, “know”, is the usual
pronominal suffix of the second person singular (see on _zu_, line 1),
as in this passage.
_gúr-ra_ gives a good sense, though the signs resemble KU and RA giving
_šù-ra_, a double postposition. The text however is defective. _gúr-ra_
equals _kabtu_ (Br. 10183), making the phrase read “before thy great
glory”. _gúr_: KIL also has the value _gurun_ equal to _ebnu_, “fruit”
(Br. 10179). _ra_ (see on line 3).
_ḥa_: KÙA is the usual Sumerian sign used with a verb, to give a
precative sense as here. The sign here is old Babylonian and resembles
the pictorial form which is clearly that of “a fish” (see on line 22).
The original pictorial figure is one of the few to be found in which
curved lines predominate.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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