In any event, the heavy strings of beads are, generally, heirlooms and it is probably a long time since new supplies of them have been sold or exchanged to the Ainu. Frequently, square-pierced “cash” are strung in with the beads and a disk or other pendant of metal hangs from the necklace. While the woman is often content with any cloth to tie around her head, she sometimes weaves a special head-band of decorative character. [Illustration: WOMAN’S DRESS OF ELM-BARK CLOTH, EARRINGS, AND NECKLACE.] [Illustration: MAN’S CEREMONIAL DRESS.[1]] Ainu babies, like Japanese, are often carried on the backs of older children, who are themselves little more than babies. The modes of carrying are, however, quite different. The Japanese baby is bound in place and the loose over-garment of the little nurse is then put on so as to cover both baby and carrier; the Ainu baby, sometimes seated on a little stick, is carried by means of a carry-strap, _tara_, very like those in use among American Indians, which passes across the forehead of the bearer. Not only babies, but all sorts of burdens are carried with the _tara_. [Illustration: JAPANESE AND AINU CHILDREN CARRYING BABIES.] The face tattoo of Ainu women has already been mentioned. It is begun in childhood, a small round spot being made at the middle of the upper lip. It is not done by pricking with points as Japanese tattooing is, but by cutting with a knife. Soot from the bottom of the kettle is rubbed into the cut lines and a decoction of ash bark is washed on to fix the color, which, as already stated, is a blue-green. The tattooing is gradually developed, until, when the girl is ready for marriage, the whole, great, moustache-like mark is fully done. It completely surrounds the mouth, covering both the upper and lower lip, and even extends onto the mucous membrane surface. The hands and the arms to the elbows are also tattooed with a system of rings, dots, zigzags, etc., which appear to be largely individual.