The Alósaka cult of the Hopi IndiansFewkes, Jesse Walter
Religion
The Alósaka cult of the Hopi Indians
Fewkes, Jesse Walter
Hopi Indians -- Religion
The fact that the last is called _Kwátaka_, and that the Bird-man in
_Soyáluña_ was given the same name, supports the theory that the
latter is a solar god. In his performance he does not, to be sure,
wear a mask with solar symbols, but he imitates a bird in action and
voice. He is a patron of warriors, like the sun; he is the first god to
return, and the _Soyáluña_ is a celebration to cause the sun to return.
The eagle or a raptorial bird is the sun bird; the sun fertilizes the
earth, and the ceremonial acts of the Bird-man at the Winter Solstice
dramatize fertilization. In short, the conclusion to which studies of
the ceremonial acts of the Bird-man, reinforced by those of comparative
symbolism, have led me, is that the Bird-man personates the sun or a
solar deity.
Ceremony with the Alósaka Screen
After the bird personator had retired, a short interval elapsed, all
the spectators of the previous rites remaining seated. A screen was
then handed through the kiva hatchway and propped upright near the
fireplace with blocks of clay and stones. This screen (plate XXVI) was
estimated to be between four and five feet long, by about three feet
wide, and was decorated on the side turned toward the fireplace and the
raised floor of the kiva. The entire middle of the screen was occupied
by a picture of _Alósaka_, identical with that on the sun-shield used
in the Walpi _Soyáluña_.[13] The head of this figure bore two curved
horns, with two fan-shaped lateral attachments; the chin was painted
black; in the right hand an ear of corn was represented, and in the
left a _moñkohu_ or whitened slab of wood with attached feathers.
A triple rain-cloud symbol was depicted on the screen above the head
of the _Alósaka_ figure, and to the left were four parallel bars with
a vertical row of four dots. In the lower left-hand corner there was
a symbolic picture of the sun, and on the right side of _Alósaka_
appeared an elongated figure which possibly may have represented
a sprouting seed. To each side of the screen were attached four
artificial flowers, and to the upper edge a number of hoops covered
with raw cotton, possibly representing snow. A conventional symbol
of corn was drawn on the lower part of the screen, and the surface was
covered with various seeds, as corn, beans, etc., fastened with clay.
[Illustration: PL. XXVI
Drawn by Mary M. Leighter
SCREEN OF THE ALÓSAKA]
The rites performed before this screen were of a very simple nature,
and one of the most important was the scraping of the seeds from the
lower part into a tray after certain prayers and other observances. To
the seeds in the basket was added a small quantity of raw cotton taken
from the top of the screen, which was then carried out of the kiva.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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