Winter Palace.—Ways of Royalty.—Crown Jewels.—Orloff Diamond.— Hermitage.—Art Galleries.—Curious Code of Laws.—Royal Museum.—Peter’s Walking-stick.—Art Culture.—Condition of the Masses.—Laborers.— Mechanics.—Prices.—Rent.—Food.—Dress.—Peculiar Custom.—Polite Bankers.—Despot.—Justice.—Verdicts.—Story of Labanoff.—Siberia.— Abuses.—Academy of Science.—Zoological Museum.—Sunset on the Neva.— Boatman.—Light at Evening-tide 310 CHAPTER XXVI. FROM ST. PETERSBURG TO MOSCOW. American Engineers.—Sleeping Arrangements.—Newspapers.—Drama.—Courtesy.— Lubanskaia.—Dinner.—Villages.—The Volga.—Murdered Bishop.—Sleeping Car.—Ladder.—Russian Jargon.—Pathetic Appeal.—Board.—Refreshments.— Greek Ecclesiastic.—Patriarch Nicon.—New Jerusalem.—Profanity.— Tyranny.—Revolt.—Pope of the North.—Emperor’s Slight.—Nicon’s Humility.—Banishment.—Patriarchates.—Dead Level.—Flight of Freedom 322 CHAPTER XXVII. THE KREMLIN AND THE BELLS OF MOSCOW. A Swiss Landlord.—Fleas.—Shrines.—Palaces, Cottages, and Churches.—The Moskva.—Circular City.—Kremlin Walls.—Gates.—Chief Entrance.—Picture of the Redeemer.—Respect.—Cannon.—Miracle.—Splendid Scene.—Tower of Ivan.—Bells.—Medium of Worship.—Holy City.—Pilgrims.—Bell-making.— Precious Metals.—Silver Bells.—Chapel of the Betrothed.—Music of the Bells 330 CHAPTER XXVIII. THE CHURCHES OF MOSCOW. Cathedral of the Assumption.—Bones of the Patriarchs.—The Iconastasis.— Sanctuary.—Archbishop’s Throne.—Coronation Ceremony.—Tombs.—Cathedral of the Archangel Michael.—Religious Freedom.—Churches.—Cathedral of St. Basil.—Archangel Cathedral.—Pilgrims.—Golgotha.—Sacristy.— Religion.—Holy Oil.—Baptism.—Making of the Holy Chrism 340 CHAPTER XXIX. PALACE AND INSTITUTIONS OF MOSCOW. Royal Palace.—Empress’s Drawing-room.—Empress’s Cabinet.—Hall of St. George.—Hall of St. Andrew.—Gold Court.—Napoleon’s Descent.— Treasures.—Historical Curiosities.—Precious Orb.—Foundling Hospital.— Mortality of Foundlings.—Orphan Asylum.—Sheep’s Clothing.—Harvest Season.—Jews.—Peasants.—Riding School.—Wax-show.—Ethnological Society.—Travel.—Sydney Smith’s Stick 350 CHAPTER XXX. FROM MOSCOW TO ST. PETERSBURG.