The _ligamentum elasticum interspinale profundum_ and the _ligamentum elasticum interspinale superficiale_ and the three last named are the ligaments which keep the neck of the fowl in the s-shape, without the action of the muscles. The _ligamentum capsulare obliquum_ connects the facets of the oblique processes. =Ligaments of the Ribs.=—The thick inferior end of the sternal portion of the true rib has two small articular heads, which articulate with two depressions in the articular surface of the sternum. This articulation is held firm by a _capsular ligament_. The upper end of the sternal rib forms an almost perfect right angle with the inferior end of the dorsal rib with which it is connected by a joint provided with a synovial apparatus and a capsular ligament. This arrangement allows free movement outward and inward and is the main joint in respiration. The upper end of the dorsal portion of the rib articulates with the dorsal vertebra. The joint formed by the articular head with the body of the vertebra is provided with a capsular ligament. The tubercle of the rib articulates with the facet on the transverse process of the dorsal vertebra, and is provided with a transverse ligament, called the _ligamentum transversum externum_. It is also provided with a capsular ligament. The _ligamentum triangulare_ connects each processus uncinatus with the succeeding rib. This ligament is in the form of a membranous sheet, or aponeurosis. =Ligaments of the Sternum= (Fig. 13).—The external and the internal notches of the sternum are bridged over with a thin membrane which gives an extensive surface for muscular attachments. The sternal muscles overlie this portion. [Illustration: FIG. 13.—Muscles of the fore extremity. Inside view. 1, Lateral external process of sternum. 2, Lateral internal process of same. 3, Ligament of the external notch. 4, Ligament of the internal notch. 5, Pectoralis major. 5_a_, Its fan-shaped expansion at shoulder-joint laid back. 6, Pectoralis tertius. 7, The coracoid. 8, Biceps. 8_a_, Its long head. 8_b_, Its short head. 9, Pectoralis secundus. 10, Rectus abdominis. 11, Teres et infraspinatus. 12, Deltoid. 13, Capsular ligament. 14, Teres minor. 15, Coraco-brachialis. 16, Serratus magnus anticus. 17, Extensor metacarpi radialis longior. 18, Pronator brevis. 19, Flexor carpi ulnaris. 20, Flexor carpi ulnaris brevior. 21, Flexor digitorum profundus. 22, Extensor indicis longus. 23, Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis. 24, Humerus. 25, Shoulder. 26, Elbow. 27, Carpus. 28, Section through vertebra. 29, Keel of sternum. 28_a_, Flexor brevis pollicis. 29_a_, Extensor proprius pollicis. 30, Flexor minimi digiti brevis. 31, Interosseous palmaris. 32, Interosseous palmaris. ] The sternum is connected by a fibrous mass with the inferior portion of the clavicle, or hypocledium (Fig. 57), the _claviculosternal ligament_.