As a whole, the Apocalyptic Literature presents an universalistic attitude very different from the nationalistic narrowness of the Pharisees. It is true, the Apocalyptists are not always consistent in this, but normally they embrace the Gentiles equally with the men of their own nation in the divine scheme of salvation; and, in the same way, the wicked who are excluded are not restricted to the Gentiles, but the Jews equally with them shall suffer torment hereafter according to their deserts.[3] The Apocalyptic Literature, as distinct from the Apocalyptic Movement owing to which it took its rise, began to come into existence about the period 200-150 B.C.; at any rate, the earliest extant example of this Literature—the earliest portions of the Book of Enoch—belongs to this period. Works of an Apocalyptic character continued to be written for about three centuries; the Second (Fourth) Book of Esdras, one of the most remarkable Apocalypses, belongs to the end of the first Christian century, approximately. There are Apocalypses of later date, some of subordinate interest are of much later date; but the real period of the Apocalyptic Literature is from about 200 B.C. to about A.D. 100; its beginnings date, therefore, from a time prior to that great landmark in Jewish history, the Maccabæan Era. The Book of Enoch: its Component Parts and their Dates The Book of Enoch is now usually designated 1 Enoch, to distinguish it from the later Apocalypse, _The Secrets of Enoch_, known as 2 Enoch. The former is also called the Ethiopic Enoch, the latter the Slavonic Enoch, after the languages of the earliest versions extant of each respectively. No manuscript of the original language of either is known to be in existence. According to Canon Charles, the various elements of which our book in its present form is made up belong to different dates. The following table will show the dates of the different parts of the book. Canon Charles believes that these are approximately correct, without committing himself to the certainty of this in each case: CHAPTERS xii.-xxxvi. The oldest pre-Maccabæan xciii., xci. 12-17 “The Apocalypse portions of Weeks.” vi.-xi., liv. 7-lv. Fragments of Pre-Maccabæan at the 2, lx., lxv.-lxix. “The Book of latest. 25, cvi., cvii. Noah.” lxxxiii.-xc. “The 165-161 B.C. Dream-Visions” lxxii.-lxxxii. “The Book of Before 110 B.C. the Heavenly Luminaries.” xxxvii.-lxxi. “The Parables,” _circa_ 105-64 B.C. or “Similitudes.” xci. 1-11, 18, _circa_ 105-64 B.C. 19-civ.