A Boys' Club Reading room, 222 The Carpenter Shop in the Avenue C Working Boys' Club, 226 Type-setting at the Avenue C Working Boys' Club, 231 A Bout with the Gloves in the Boys' Club of Calvary Parish, 235 Lining up for the Gymnasium, 240 A Snug Corner on a Cold Night, 246 2 A.M. in the Delivery-room in the "Sun" Office, 261 Buffalo, 264 Night School in the West Side Lodging-house.--Edward, the Little Pedlar, Caught Napping, 265 The "Soup-House Gang," Class in History in the Duane Street Newsboy's Lodging-house, 269 THE CHILDREN OF THE POOR CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM OF THE CHILDREN The problem of the children is the problem of the State. As we mould the children of the toiling masses in our cities, so we shape the destiny of the State which they will rule in their turn, taking the reins from our hands. In proportion as we neglect or pass them by, the blame for bad government to come rests upon us. The cities long since held the balance of power; their dominion will be absolute soon unless the near future finds some way of scattering the population which the era of steam-power and industrial development has crowded together in the great centres of that energy. At the beginning of the century the urban population of the United States was 3.97 per cent. of the whole, or not quite one in twenty-five. To-day it is 29.12 per cent., or nearly one in three. In the lifetime of those who were babies in arms when the first gun was fired upon Fort Sumter it has all but doubled. A million and a quarter live to-day in the tenements of the American metropolis. Clearly, there is reason for the sharp attention given at last to the life and the doings of the other half, too long unconsidered. Philanthropy we call it sometimes with patronizing airs. Better call it self-defence.