That all of us, whether we speak English or German, or French or Russian, are really speaking an ancient Oriental tongue, incredible as it would have sounded a hundred years ago, is now admitted by everybody. Though the various dialects now spoken in Europe have been separated many thousands of years from the Sanskrit, the ancient classical language of India, yet so unbroken is the bond that holds the West and East together that in many cases an intelligent Englishman might still guess the meaning of a Sanskrit word. How little difference is there between Sanskrit _sûnu_ and English _son_, between Sanskrit _duhitar_ and English _daughter_, between Sanskrit _vid_, to know, and English _to wit_, between Sanskrit _vaksh_, to grow, and English _to wax_! Think how we value a Saxon urn, or a Roman coin, or a Celtic weapon! how we dig for them, clean them, label them, and carefully deposit them in our museums! Yet what is their antiquity compared with the antiquity of such words as _son_ or _daughter_, _father_ and _mother_? There are no monuments older than those collected in the handy volumes which we call Dictionaries, and those who know how to interpret those English antiquities--as you may see them interpreted, for instance, in Grimm's Dictionary of the German, in Littré's Dictionary of the French, or in Professor Skeats' Etymological Dictionary of the English Language--will learn more of the real growth of the human mind than by studying many volumes on logic and psychology. And as by our language we belong to the Aryan stratum, we belong through our letters to the Hamitic. We still write English in hieroglyphics; and in spite of all the vicissitudes through which the ancient hieroglyphics have passed in their journey from Egypt to Phœnicia, from Phœnicia to Greece, from Greece to Italy, and from Italy to England, when we write a capital F {script F}, when we draw the top line and the smaller line through the middle of the letter, we really draw the two horns of the cerastes, the horned serpent which the ancient Egyptians used for representing the sound of f. They write the name of the king whom the Greeks called _Cheops_, and they themselves _Chu-fu_, like this:[9] {Illustration: +---------+ | sieve | chu | serpent | fu | bird | u +---------+ } Here the first sign, the sieve, is to be pronounced _chu_; the second, the horned serpent, _fu_, and the little bird, again, _u_. In the more cursive or Hieratic writing the horned serpent appears as {symbol}; in the later Demotic as {symbol} and {symbol}. The Phœnicians, who borrowed their letters from the Hieratic Egyptian, wrote {symbol} and {symbol}. The Greeks, who took their letters from the Phœnicians, wrote {symbol}. When the Greeks, instead of writing like the Phœnicians from right to left, began to write from left to right, they turned each letter, and as {symbol} became K, our k, so {symbol}, vau, became F, the Greek so-called Digamma, the Latin F.