The Deipnosophists; or, Banquet of the Learned of Athenæus, Vol. 1 (of 3) — John Shaqi
The Deipnosophists; or, Banquet of the Learned of Athenæus, Vol. 1 (of 3)Athenaeus, of Naucratis
General
The Deipnosophists; or, Banquet of the Learned of Athenæus, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Athenaeus, of Naucratis
Civilization, Greco-Roman; Dinners and dining -- Greece; Greece -- Social life and customs; Homosexuality -- Greece
This was the way in which the sophist of Thessalia argued, from whence
came the term, a Sicilian proverb, and Athenæus is, perhaps, playing on
the proverb.
19. As to the meals the heroes took in Homer, there was first of all
breakfast, which he calls ἄριστον, which he mentions once in the Odyssey,
Ulysses and the swineherd, noble man,
First lit the fire, and breakfast then began.[17:1]
And once in the Iliad,
Then quickly they prepared to break their fast.[17:2]
But this was the morning meal, which we call ἀκρατισμὸς, because we soak
crusts of bread in pure wine (ἄκρατος), and eat them, as Antiphanes says--
While the cook the ἄριστον prepares.
And afterwards he says--
Then when you have done your business,
Come and share my ἀκρατισμὸς.
And Cantharus says--
_A._ Shall we, then, take our ἀκρατισμὸς there?
_B._ No; at the Isthmus all the slaves prepare
The sweet ἄριστον,--
using the two words as synonymous. Aristomenes says--
I'll stop awhile to breakfast, then I'll come,
When I a slice or two of bread have eaten.
But Philemon says that the ancients took the following meals--ἀκράτισμα,
ἄριστον, ἑσπέρισμα, or the afternoon meal, and δεῖπνον, supper; calling the
ἀκρατισμὸς breakfast, and ἄριστον[18:1] luncheon, and δεῖπνον the meal which
came after luncheon. And the same order of names occur in Æschylus,
where Palamedes is introduced, saying--
The different officers I then appointed,
And bade them recollect the soldiers' meals,
In number three, first breakfast, and then dinner,
Supper the third.
And of the fourth meal Homer speaks thus--
And come thou δειελιήσας.[18:2]
That which some call δειλινὸν is between what we call ἄριστον and δεῖπνον; and
ἄριστον in Homer, that which is taken in the morning, δεῖπνον is what is
taken at noon, which we call ἄριστον, and δόρπον is the name for the evening
meal. Sometimes, then, ἄριστον is synonymous with δεῖπνον; for somewhere or
other Homer says--
δεῖπνον they took, then arm'd them for the fray.
For making their δεῖπνον immediately after sunrise, they then advance to
battle.
20. In Homer they eat sitting down; but some think that a separate table
was set before each of the feasters. At all events, they say a polished
table was set before Mentes when he came to Telemachus, arriving after
tables were already laid for the feast. However, this is not very
clearly proved, for Minerva may have taken her food at Telemachus's
table. But all along the banqueting-room full tables were laid out, as
is even now the custom among many nations of the barbarians,
Laden with all dainty dishes,
as Anacreon says. And then when the guests have departed, the
handmaidens
Bore off the feast, and clear'd the lofty hall,
Removed the goblets and the tables all.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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